基于计算机视觉的马铃薯外部品质检测的应用的研究.doc

PAGE PAGE 1Potato External Quality Detection Based on Computer Vision 摘要计算机视觉技术具有实时、客观、无损等优点，能对马铃薯表面外部品质进行快速检测。本文从图像获取装置、图像预处理、大小形状检测、绿皮检测、表面缺陷检测五个方面对单个马铃薯的外部品质静态检测进行了研究。图像获取装置和图像预处理是图像处理的基础环节，直接影响图像质量，进而影响识别的效果和检测的准确性。本文设计的马铃薯外部品质检测装置由照明设备、CCD数码相机、图像采集卡、计算机硬件和光照箱组成；采用B通道灰度化、中值滤波和Otsu分割法分别对马铃薯原始图像进行灰度化、图像平滑和阈值分割处理。利用马铃薯形状类似圆或椭圆这一特性对马铃薯大小形状进行检测。在传统系统标定方法的基础上，通过与基本矩形长和宽的比较，提出采用椭圆长短轴比作为其大小特征进行检测，其大小测量的误差率为7%。提出用提取椭圆长短轴比的方法来描述其形状特征，将马铃薯形状分成圆形、椭圆形和长筒形三类，形状检测结果为99.1%。为了检测绿皮马铃薯，论文介绍了一种基于色调域的阈值识别马铃薯绿皮的检测方法，实现了从量化角度提取马铃薯的表皮颜色信息，克服了统计的逐步判别分析方法和支持向量机SVM识别方法在构建模型时，因局限于特定样本集的特征空间的缺点，提取色调作为模式识别的特征值，并确定了区分正常和绿皮马铃薯的有效色调值区间57-64，再结合二次阈值分割方法对马铃薯的绿皮进行检测，准确率达到97.5%，且结果稳定。论文提出一套基于计算机视觉的检测马铃薯表面缺陷的新方法。使用自适应I截留法或固定I截留法能一次性将马铃薯表面的疑似缺陷分离出来，再结合OTSU法和形态学运算对疑似缺陷部位进行分割并分别提取面积和颜色特征，选取面积阈值和黑色比率阈值对疑似缺陷进行识别。经验证，缺陷正确分类率、缺陷正确识别率和马铃薯表面缺陷正确检测率分别为92.1%、91.4%和100%。关键词：计算机视觉，模式识别，马铃薯，外部品质检测AbstractComputer vision technology, which can detect some external characteristics of potato, has some advantages such as real-time, objectivity, and being nondestructive. The research based on computer vision includes five sections: the vision inspection device, image preprocessing, size and shape inspection, greened potato detection, external defects detection. Image acquisition and image preprocessing are fundamental steps in digital image processing which decide the quality of image and then can ensure the accuracy of recognition and inspection. The computer vision system developed to detect the defects of potato was composed of a CCD camera, lighting chamber, frame grabber and computer．B channel graying, median filtering method and Otsu segmentation are used in graying, image smoothing and threshold segmentation respectively.In consideration of the characteristics that the shape of potato is similar with circle and ellipse, on the base of traditional system calibration method with ping pong ball, by comparing the length and width of basic rectangle, the long and short axis of ellipse has been chose as characterist