美国权利法案.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 31787年在费城起草的宪法，在各州审议批准的过程中，也有不少美国公民感到不安，因为宪法中并没有明确保障个人的权利。因此，《宪法》补充了10条修正案，统一称为《权利法案》，英文叫The Bill of Rights。由于补充了《权利法案》，《宪法》在13个州均获批准，并于1789年生效。　　第一条 Amendment I　　Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.　　译文：国会不得制定法律尊奉国教或禁止宗教自由。国会无权通过限制公民的言论、出版、集会、请愿自由的法律。　　第二条 Amendment II　　A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.　　译文：纪律严明的民兵是保障自由州的安全所必需的，人民持有和携带武器的权利不可侵犯。　　第三条 Amendment III　　No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.　　译文：未经房主同意，士兵平时不得驻扎在任何住宅；除依法律规定的方式，战时也不得驻扎。　　第四条 Amendment IV　　The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.　　译文：人民的人身、住宅、文件和财产不受无理搜查和扣押的权利，不得侵犯。除依据可能成立的理由，以宣誓或代誓宣言保证，并详细说明搜查地点和扣押的人或物，不得发出搜查和扣押状。其实，第四条修正案要保护的是人而不是场所不受政府的无理侵扰。这就是说，个人的住宅和所有物是“人身自由的延长”，因此是人身权利的一部分。　　?????? 第五条 Amendment V　　No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private