资料分析三次上课大纲.ppt

資料分析三次上課大綱: I. Biostatistics: basic concepts 基本觀念 課堂練習：描述統計 II. Probability Density Function 1-sample t test 2-sample t test Non-parametric Multiple comparison 課堂練習：1-s t test; 2-s t test III. Analysis of Variance One-way ANOVA Two-way ANOVA Interaction Some study designs 課堂練習：2-way ANOVA I. Biostatistics: basic concepts Institute of Brain Science, 2008 The study of statistics Origin of Statistics Telling a story with numbers: Exploring the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of numerical data. Applied field: Business, marketing, economics, politics, agriculture, education, psychology, sociology, anthropology, biology, Public Health…. Biostatistics: focusing on biological and health science Objectives: 以隨機抽樣樣本估計母群體 樣本平均值等於母群體平均值； 樣本標準差等於母群體標準差； 1. 統計學速成的幾個重要觀念: 『有統計差異』是什麼意思? ND 常態分佈下的觀察值與期望值 Normal distribution parameter: mean, variance Eyeball test for 2-sample means Using 95% Confidence Limits A: Significant B: non-significant C: need to do a statistical test Eyeball test for 3-sample means Using 95% Confidence Limits A: Non-Significant B: Significant Why? Between group variation Within group variation Why not do 2-s test 3 times? Alpha error inflated Ex: 7 groups MD comparisons 1 / 21 0.05 !! One-way ANOVA table F test: Statistical Interaction confounding Interaction: 2 lines with different slope Univariate analysis: 1X1Y 說明：有*的分析方法需要有以下假設: normality Independence.. Multivariate analysis: Xs1Y 說明：有*的分析方法需要有以下假設: Multivariate normality Independence.. 名詞縮寫 Cat.: categorical; Num.: numerical CART: classification and regression tree ANOVA: analysis of variance ANCOVA: analysis of covariance MANOVA: multivariate analysis of variance GEE: generalized estimating equations 2.研究的出發點: 研究問題的提出 Conceiving the Research Q. Origins of a RQ Mastering the literature Being alert to new ideas and techniques Keeping the imagination roaming Characteristics of a good RQ: FINER Feasible Adequate NO. of subjects; adequate technical expertise; affordable in time