对肥育猪饲喂高维日粮的隐含成本.pptVIP

The Hidden Costs of Feeding High-Fiber Finishing Pig Diets对肥育猪饲喂高纤维日粮的隐含成本 Developed for the American Soybean Association’s September 2004 Chinese Swine Seminars 美国大豆协会2004年9月中国养猪技术座谈会 作者：Dr. Bob Thaler博士 SDSU Extension Swine Specialist 美国南达科达大学养猪推广专家 Success = Balancing Act成功——是一项平衡艺术 Producers are paid more money for leaner pigs 猪长得瘦，养猪者就可多赚钱 Do they want more lean meat or less fat? 他们究竟是要多些瘦肉呢还是要少些脂肪呢？ Technologies to get leaner pigs: 生产瘦猪的技术 Genetics 遗传 Nutrition 营养 Feed additives 饲料添加剂 Slaughter weight 屠宰体重 Feed low energy diets 饲喂低能量饲料 Productive Energy生产能量 Productive energy used to make lean tissue as long as all other essential nutrients are available在所有其它必需养分都得到了满足的情况下，生产能被用来制造瘦肉组织 Once any of the essential nutrients are gone, lean deposition stops and the excess energy/nutrients are deposited as fat 缺乏任何其它必需养分，瘦肉生长就会停止，多余的能量和养分就会沉积为脂肪 By decreasing energy fed, decrease the amount of energy available to make fat 减少能量的饲喂量，就可减少用于制造脂肪的能量 Also decrease amount of energy available to make lean tissue 也会减少用于制造瘦肉的能量 Times Have CHANGED !!!时代已经变了!!! Can’t use 30+ year old technology in today’s swine production and be successful long-term in a world market 在当今的养猪生产中不可能再使用30多年前的陈旧技术而在世界市场上取得长期的成功 Methods to Evaluate Inputs对投入进行评价的方法 Feed represents 65-75% cost of production – minimize that cost! 饲料代表了生产总成本的65～75%，要尽可能地降低这一成本 Traditional – Diet cost/ton 传统方法——每吨产品的饲料成本 Low quality ingredients 低质量饲料原料 Marginal nutrient levels 养分含量刚刚够 No evaluation of pig performance不测定猪的性能 Feed cost/kg of gain单位增重的饲料成本 Considers diet cost/ton feed efficiency考虑每吨产品的饲料成本和饲料利用率 Doesn’t consider days to market, carcass quality, etc不考虑达到上市体重的天数、胴体质量，等等 Effects of Feeding High-Fiber Diets饲喂高纤维日粮的后果 Lowers daily gain降低日增重 Less product produced/facility so fixed costs (building, labor, interest, utilities, etc) must be spread over fewer pigs单位设施产出的产品较少，所以固定成本只能分摊到比较少的猪头上 Higher fixed cost/pig每头猪分摊的固定成本较高 What does it do to carcass quality: 对胴体质量有什么影响？ Reduces fat thickness 降低脂肪量