2008高考语法系列复习专题六：虚拟语气、倒装句型.docVIP

HYPERLINK 高考圈-让高考没有难报的志愿PAGE 12PAGE 1语法系列复习专题六虚拟语气、倒装句型虚拟语气虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。虚拟语气在单句中的用法常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如：Long live the People?s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！May you be happy! 快乐！May you祝你 have a good time! 玩得愉快！祝你 succeed! 成功！ make progress! 进步！二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法：在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法表示与现在事实相反条件从句主句一般过去时（be多用于were）would/should/could/might＋动词原形例如：If I were you,I should accept the invitation. 如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。 If I had time,I would go there. 如果我有空，我就去那儿。与过去事实相反条件从句主句过去完成时would/should/could/might＋have done 例如：If you had come earlier,you couldn?t/wouldn?t have missed the bus. 如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。 If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book. 如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。与将来事实可能相反条件从句主句一般过去时（be多用were）should do,were to dowould/should/could/might＋动词原形例如：If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。） If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break. 万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。if的省略如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。例如：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.5)条件句或主句的省略当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。例如：——Why didn?t you attend the party yesterday? ——I would/should have,but I was too busy then.I was surprised that you didn?t like this job.You could have done it better.（后面省略了if you had liked it.）6)混合时间条件句与主句条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。例如：If the teacher hadn?t been ill yesterday,who could give us a lecture now?/If you had reviewed the lesson,you would answer the question now.7)含蓄条件句与主句即用without(＝but for),or(else)代替if从句。例如：Without/But for his help,we wouldn?t have made such great progress.there hadn?there hadn?t beenwe hadn?t got＝If