第二章冠词 英语语法.docVIP

第二章 冠词的用法一、冠词的定义 冠词是 HYPERLINK /view/124848.htm \t _parent 虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明 HYPERLINK /view/26580.htm \t _parent 名词的含义。 冠词可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在。表示名词的数量或者特征 二、冠词的分类不定冠词“a，an”、定冠词“the”零冠词“(/)”：不用冠词的情况 三. 不定冠词的用法 1. 用在可数名词前表示 “一个” 相当于“one”(类指)。 There is a book on the desk. I’ll return in a day or two.2. 用在专有名词前,表示“某一个” 相当于“a certain”. A Mr. White is waiting for you downstairs.3. 表示 “一类” 相当于“any”(泛指). A horse is a useful animal.4. 表示 “每一” 相当于“per”. The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day. The envelopes are one yuan and twenty fen a dozen5. 用在某些固定词组中. a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time6. 用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍:a + 抽象名 词，即抽象名词具体化。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. It is a pleasure to talk with you. It is an honour to me to attend the meeting.7. 与物质名词连用，表示“一种，一阵、一份”。 What a heavy rain! A Sprite, please. What a good supper! He bought a Toyota. Please give me a black coffee!8. “a” 用在辅音开头前, “an” 用在元音开头前. a useful book, a European country, a one-year-old child, an hour, an honest boy, an 800-metre-long bridge, There is an “s” in the word “smile”. (f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x)四. 定冠词的用法 1. 表示文中再次提到的人或物. There is a book on the desk. The book is an English book.2. 表示特指的人或物(即:谈话时彼此都知道的人或物). Look at the blackboard. Open the door, please.3. 用在单数可数名词前表示泛指 The horse is a useful animal. Horses are useful animals.4. 表示世界上独一无二的东西 the sun, the earth, the capital, the sky, the universebut: in nature, in space, in society, in history5. 用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派等专有名词前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛的名词前。 the United States, the Communist Party of China, the Yellow River, the Rocky Mountains, the Philippines, the Pacific Ocean, the China of 1840, the Paris of the east, the late Mr. Brown6. 用在序数词、形容词最高级前。 the second story, the largest room, t