Equivalence―based Translation thories.docVIP

Equivalence―based Translation theories 　　【Abstract】Translation theorists always attempt to provide strategies for translators to use if they would like to achieve a satisfactory result. Traditionally， translation is roughly divided into word-for-word （i.e. literal） translation and sense-for-sense （i.e. free） translation. In order to avoid these outdated opposite notions， theoreticians try to analyze systemically. Among them equivalence is one of the prevalent concepts in translation studies. 中国论文网 /1/viewhtm　　【Key words】Equivalence-based； Translation theories 　　Main Body 　　Generally， equivalence theories hold that source text （ST） and target text （TT） share some ‘sameness’. Regarding the type and degree of ‘sameness’， scholars suggest different equivalences. Vinay and Dabelnet， for example， initially argue that for equivalent expressions between language pairs to be considered acceptable， they must be listed in a bilingual dictionary “as full equivalents” （1995）， but later admitted that this condition， while ideal， is non-exhaustive （1995）. Jakobson， by contrast， stresses that there is no full equivalence between two words at the interlingual level （1959/2000）， a contention he illustrates by comparing the meanings of ‘cheese’ in English and ‘сыр’ in Russian. Another famous figure in this field， Nida， published Towards a Science of Translating （1964） in an attempt to bring translation into the scientific age. “The old terms such as ‘literal’， ‘free’ and ‘faithful’ translation are discarded by Nida in favor of types of equivalence：formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence” （Munday， 2012）. “Nida argues that in formal equivalence the TT resembles very much the ST in both form and content whereas in dynamic equivalence an effort is made to convey the ST message in the TT as naturally as possible” （Panou， 2013）. 　　Catford introduces the notion of ‘shift’ to describe the departures from formal correspondence （1965：73）. He classifies shift into two types， level