19世纪以来美国中小学体发展历程及其启示.docVIP

19世纪以来美国中小学体育发展历程及其启示 　　摘 要：分析美国中小学体育的发展历程：19世纪是美国中小学体育在欧洲模式影响下，探索自身发展道路的阶段；20世纪上半叶，新体育思潮的出现促进了中小学体育政策法规的不断完善和师资培训的蓬勃发展；20世纪下半叶至今，通过中小学体育教育质量的全面提高，增强青少年体质、保障青少年接受体育教育的平等权利、解决青少年肥胖问题是这一时期的主要课题。美国中小学体育发展过程中，不断创新理念、完善政策法规建设、加强师资培训专业化，为我国学校体育发展提供了借鉴。 中国论文网 /6/viewhtm 　　关 键 词：学校体育；中小学体育；体育政策；美国 　　中图分类号：G807.0 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2015）05-0087-05 　　Abstract： Based on methods such as literature research， the authors analyzed the course of development of school physical education in elementary and middle schools in the United States： the 19th century was a stage at which school physical education in elementary and middle schools in the United States explored its own way of development as influenced by the European mode； in the first half of the 20th century， the appearance of new physical education ideas boosted the constant perfection of policies and regulations on school physical education in elementary and middle schools and the booming of teacher training； from the second half of the 20th century up to this day， enhancing teenager fitness， ensuring teenagers’ equal right to accept physical education， solving teenager obesity problem， through the comprehensive enhancement of the quality of school physical education in elementary and middle schools， were main topics in this period. In the course of development of school physical education in elementary and middle schools in the United States， constantly innovating on new conceptions， perfecting policy and regulation construction， and strengthening teacher training professionalization， provide feasible reference for the development of school physical education in China. 　　Key words： school physical education；physical education in elementary and middle schools；physical education policy；USA 　　美国中小学体育的发展始于19世纪。历经两个多世纪，美国中小学体育已从最初的欧洲模式，发展为适合本土的美国模式；从最初的零散、盲目状态，发展成为具有政策制度保障的学校体育教育体系。目前我国青少年体质健康形势十分严峻，而学校体育是解决青少年体质健康问题的主要途径，分析美国中小学体育发展历史，将为我国中小学体育发展提供借鉴。 　　1 十九世纪探索欧洲模式的本土化路径 　　美国19世纪的中小学体育深受欧洲体育教育模式的影响。当时大量欧