统计运用及品实务工具.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 過程改善及控制圖 過程 衡量系統 輸入 輸出 1. 發現可指定的原因 4. 驗證結果 3.實施修正措施 2. 確定根本原因 控制圖的益處 用於提高生産率的已證實的技術 有效防範缺陷 防止不必要的過程調整 提供診斷資訊 提供關於過程能力的資訊 控制圖類型 控制圖有許多類型，但是它們的根本原理是相同的 利用 SPC和過程目標方面的知識選擇正確的類型 根據以下幾方面選擇控制圖類型： 資料類型: 屬性還是變數? 採樣容易：樣本同質性 資料分佈: 正常或非正常? 分組大小: 不變的或變化的? 其他考慮 控制圖的組成 KVOP的X均值圖 2 0 1 0 0 6 1 5 6 0 5 5 9 5 5 8 5 樣本數 X = 5 9 9 . 1 U C L = 6 1 3 . 6 L C L = 5 8 4 . 6 控制下限 UCL = m +ks 中線 = m LCL = m - k s 其中 m = 樣本均值 s = 樣本標準偏差 k = 控制限制距中線的差值 (通常爲 ± 3) 記住: 控制限值與顧客規定限值無關 控制上限 中線 樣本均值 常用控制圖類型(X-S) 常用控制圖類型(X-R) 短期N 30 For control charts with N 30 lots, rather than the usual UCL (upper control limit) and LCL (lower control limit), there are dual sets of control limits: ? ·??????? Outer Control Limits(3s). ·??????? Inner Control Limits (1s). 短期N 30 Any point outside either of the outer control limits indicates an unstable process. All points falling between both inner control limits indicates a stable process. If any points fall inside either “uncertainty zone” (but none are outside the outer control limits), we cannot say whether or not the process is stable, because we do not yet have enough lots to be sure at this time. With few lots, the control chart has wide uncertainty zones. It is possible to determine process stability, but in most cases more lots will be required. With more lots, the control chart has narrow uncertainty zones. It is easier to determine process stability, but it is still possible that more lots will be required. Once there are N ? 30 lots, the usual control limits are used (i.e., there are no uncertainty zones). There is full ability to determine process stability. 控制圖代表的含義 ?A single point on the chart is outside either control limit. This test detects very large, sudden shifts in the process mean or standard deviation. 9 or more consecutive points are on the same side of the centerline. This test detects small shifts or trends in the process mean or standard deviation. 6 (or more) consecutive