实用英语写作第五章教案 Composing Essays.doc

章 节 名 称 Chapter Five Composing Essays授 课类 别理论课教 学 时 数 8学时教学目的及要求 这一章首先要求学生了解作文的写作步骤，及包括计划写作，写出提纲，写出初稿，修改初稿，写出终稿，以及各个步骤要注意的事项，其次，让学生熟悉文章各个部分的写作，包括组织文章的原则，开头、中间部分及结尾的写作，然后，了解几种类型的文章的写作，包括说明文，叙述文，议论文等。在这一章的教学过程中，重点通过对实例文章分析和写作练习使学生熟悉和掌握整篇作文的写作。 教 学 内 容 提 要 备注 I Steps in Writing a Composition Planning a CompositionA. When a topic is assigned, the student should first try to think of as many relevant facts as he can and write down them on a piece of paper.At the same time, he should try to find a proper thesis or theme. The thesis of a composition is its main point or its central idea. It is the conclusion that should be drawn from the facts to be presented in the composition.After that, he should look at the list of facts again, eliminate those unnecessary or unimportant ones, rearrange them in a logical order, and write an outline.Types of OutlinesAn outline subdivides the controlling idea or thesis of the essay into smaller parts, which are then developed into separate paragraphs. Roman and Arabic numerals and letters of the alphabet are generally used to number and order ideas. There are two commonly used types of outline: the topic outline and the sentence outline.Topic OutlineAll entries in a topic outline consist of nouns and their modifiers, or their equivalents, that is, gerund phrases or infinitive phrases. A topic outline is brief and clear, and it gives an instant overview of the entire paper.Sentence OutlineThe entries in a sentence outline are complete sentences. A sentence outline provides a more detailed plan of the paper.Writing the First DraftIt is necessary to write a first draft, in which there should be enough space between lines for future corrections and improvements. While writing the draft, the writer need not be afraid of the departing form the out line at one place or another. But he had better stop to