第5讲：修辞格总论1.pptVIP

2. Functions of Figures Function (1): persuasion Longinus: well, it is able in many ways to infuse vehemence and passion into spoken words, while more particularly when it is combined with the argumentative passages it not only persuades the hearer but actually makes him its slave. (On the Subline, XV, 9) Quintilian looked upon the figures as another means of lending “credibility to our arguments,” of “exciting the emotions,” and winning “approval for our characters as pleaders” (Instit. Orat., IX, I). Namely, figures are means to logos, pathos, and ethos of argument. (1) figures can render our thoughts vividly concrete and help us to communicate with our audience clearly and effectively. (2) figures stir emotional responses, and they can carry truth, in Wordsworth’s phrase, “alive into the heart by passion.” (3) figures elicit admiration for the eloquence of the speaker or writer, and they can exert a powerful ethical appeal. Too complicated! Some exapmles please! 理性诉求举例 e.g. Grade-two thinking, though it filled life with fun and excitement, did not make for content. To find out the deficiencies of your elders satisfiers the young ego but does onot make for personal security. It took the swimmer some distance from the shore and left him there, out of his depth. e.g. But these grade-one thinkers were few and far between. They did not visit my grammar school in the flesh though they were there in books. I aspired to them, because I now saw my hobby as an unsatisfactory thing if it went no further. If you set out to climb a mountain, however high you climb, you have failed if you cannot reach the top. 感性和人格诉求举例 I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed - we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, sons of former slaves and sons of former slave-