汽车空气悬架系统动力学真与分析.docx

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT I重型载货汽车空气悬架系统动力学仿真与分析梁世龙 张贵豪 孙博 康明摘 要 随着我国经济地位的增强和人民生活质量的提高，人们对载货汽车的性能提出了更高的要求，大功率化、轻量化、高速、安全、舒适是未来重型载货汽车的发展方向。目前我国载货汽车的悬架系统主要还是钢板弹簧悬架，这种形式的悬架由于刚度较大、偏频过高、自身质量过重，平顺性不理想，不符合我国商用车的发展方向。本文主要以某重型载货汽车的空气悬架系统作为研究对象，对一体式空气弹簧减振器进行了简单的力学特性分析及其空气弹簧刚度特性分析，并建立了相应的物理模型及数学模型；并应用 Matlab/Simulink 仿真软件对其进行建模仿真分析，得到空气悬架汽车二自由度模型的仿真结果，并进行相应分析。 （1）空气悬架系统动力学分析。介绍空气悬架的结构组成、系统动力学模型并建立重型载货汽车1/2车辆仿真模型，应用matlab对其进行仿真。 （2）空气悬架特性分析。从空气弹簧的特点、高度计算、刚度计算、频率计算及系统物理模型的建立几方面对空气弹簧特性进行了分析研究，并对比了传统钢板弹簧的性能特点，总结出了空气弹簧的性能优点。 （3）汽车二自由度系统模型的仿真分析。首先对整车系统的传递特性、影响汽车平顺性的指标（车身加速度、悬架动挠度及轮胎动载）及系统响应均方根值计算的方法进行了分析研究。然后进行了B级路面模型的建立和校验。最后在车辆1/2仿真模型的基础上，对其仿真模型进一步简化为二自由度模型，并基于Simulink模块搭建仿真模型，把模糊控制理论和PID控制理论二者结合起来，设计出模糊 PID 控制器，在白噪声路面和不同的行驶车速输入下进行平顺性仿真试验，比较被动悬架系统、和模糊 PID 控制悬架系统的仿真试验结果。归纳总结：根据整车模型的仿真结果，相对于被动悬架系统模糊PID控制能够提高汽车的平顺性，从而采用空气悬架系统后，整车的舒适性得到了明显改善。关键词 重型载货汽车;空气悬架;动力学;仿真目 录摘 要······························································ PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 1 引 言·····························································12 动力学理论分析····················································22.1 空气悬架的结构组成·············································22.2 空气悬架系统动力学模型·········································32.3 空气悬架系统仿真数学模型·······································43路面模型的建立与验证··············································73.1 B级路面的生成··················································73.1.1空间功率谱··················································73.1.2 时间功率谱··················································73.1.3 建立时域模型················································83.2 B级路面验证····················································94 整车系统的传递特性···············································114.1 整车系统的传递特性············································114.2座椅处加速度、车身加速度、悬架弹簧动挠度和车轮相对动载的幅频特性114.2.1 座椅处加速度和车身加速度的幅频特性·························114.2.2 前轮和后轮相对动载Fdi/Gi对q4.2.3 前悬架和后悬架动挠度fd1和fd2对q的幅频特性···················4.3系统振动响应均方根值的计算····································115空气弹簧特性分析··································