智能电网组成,同步相量在广域监控和保护应用.ppt

An application installed in 2007 uses direct relay-to-relay synchronized phasor measurements. One of the AGSSs (automatic generation-shedding schemes) in service at the Angostura Hydroelectric Power Plant monitors the loss of the transmission link between Chicoasen and Angostura. During normal conditions, Angostura can generate as much as 5 ? 180 = 900 MW, while the total load of the Tapachula and South Chiapas region does not exceed 100 MW. The excess power in the region flows from Angostura to Chicoasen and from there to the rest of the system. If two 400 kV parallel lines are lost between Angostura and Chicoasen, both areas remain connected through the 115 kV network with the following consequences: The transfer impedance between the Angostura and Chicoasen power plants increases, causing the Angostura machines to accelerate. This machine acceleration may lead to angular instability. The 115 kV network is overloaded until the line or transformer overload protection operates. When this happens, the Angostura and Tapachula area forms a network isolated from the rest of the system. For some operating and fault conditions, this double contingency could lead to a blackout at Tapachula City and south of the State of Chiapas. Simple logic is applied in the relay using a local phasor that has been time-delayed to exactly match the time from the received phasor data. The event report on this slide shows how wide-area measurements are used in a protection system. The internal relay points captured in the report are as follows: IW Angostura-Chicoasen currents IX Angostura-Sabino currents ROKRPM Received remote data successfully PMDOKT Total data successful FOP01 Angle difference element set to 3 degrees FOP03 Angle difference element set to 4 degrees FOP04 Angle difference element set to 5 degrees The angle difference element operating time includes the PMU measurement delay, communications channel delay, and latency because of the message rate. In this case, 20?messages