菲茨杰拉德及福克纳.pptVIP

1918-1945 大胆创新的时代 各种技巧、流派、文艺理论相继出现 作家们开始注意探索人物的内心世界 采用意识流、时序颠倒等手法，对读者提出了很高的要求 Stream of Consciousness was a literary technique in which a characters thoughts are presented in the confusing, jumbled, and inconsequential manner of real life without any clarification by the author. Its best known writers are Marcel Proust, Virginia Woolf, and James Joyce. The Great Gatsby New rich: Gatsby---external :extravagant ;internal :kind and be full of love Old rich: Tom Daisy--- external :dignified, pretty and elegant ; internal : vain and indifferent A Rose for Emily The Sound and the Fury 资本主义市场经济的蓬勃发展，两极分化的现象愈演愈烈  人们渴望财富渴望成功，渴望生活得富足、优雅，人们可以不惜一切代价去守住梦想和财富  人们的内心世界也充满了迷惘和痛苦，在金钱地位和良心道德之间苦苦挣扎  以至于有的人甚至把梦想寄托在那虚无缥缈的幻影上，留恋于浮华和假象，甘愿献出自己的生命。 每一次社会转型都会带来新旧价值观的冲突和新旧势力的对抗，新事物战胜旧事物是必然趋势。在20世纪20—30年代的美国，短暂的经济繁荣和美国梦的宣扬使人们的价值观变得极其浮躁，人们虚荣心大涨，并且认为能力和梦想能战胜一切，然而，内心的冷漠和道德滑坡却为美国梦的破灭埋下了伏笔 * * Modernism is an omnibus term(综合性术语) for a number of tendencies in the arts which were prominent in the first half of the 20th c.; In English literature it is particularly associated with the writings of T. S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, W. B. Yeats, F. M. Ford and Joseph Conrad. 美国的第二次文艺复兴 基调低沉悲观 人们对自由民主的信念开始动摇，普遍感到迷惘，甚至绝望。 他们不再寄希望于未来，而是强调seize the day Political background : the 1st war Economic background : the great depression Social background : paradoxes ---- the new rich Vs the old rich : the new civilization Vs the traditional values Cultural background: psychology of Freud stream-of-consciousness Machine culture Vs Southern aristocratic culture 这一冲突被描写得淋漓尽致，福克纳的试验性写法和意识流的手法，扑朔迷离、纷乱复杂的文体表明世间事物和人心的复杂性。 尽管旧的文明渐渐消失，新势力不断强大，但人们不会忘记爱、荣誉感、自豪感、同情心和牺牲精神等的古老真理，这是人们曾经造就他们光荣历史、帮助他们得以永存的品质。 * * *