存在句Existential Sentence.docVIP

存在句Existential Sentence一、存在句的限定形式（即用作句子时）1. 实意主语为泛指的名词或不定代词，很少有特指名词或专有名词： There is a cherry tree in my garden. There are roses in the flower beds. There’s no one in the house, is there? Is there any cheese in the larder? Is there anyone coming to dinner? 但对疑问作答时可用 the - Have we any loose cash in the house? - Well. There’s the money in the box over there.形容词前可用the表示泛指的感叹There’s the oldest-looking man standing at the front door.2. 实意主语的修饰语：不定式，-ed分词，-ing分词，关系分句There’s nothing to worry about.There’s a girl standing by the door. (-ing分词做后置定语表示一种主动状态或进行时态)There’s a tree fallen across our driveway. (-ed 分词做后置定语表示一种被动状态或完成时态)There wasn’t a student who didn’t pass the exam.3. 存在句的谓语动词①. be 动词 （有时态变化，可与情态动词连用）There’s a train due to arrive.There were roses in the flower beds. There have been many such accidents.There had been some cheese in the larder.There’ll be a huge crowd at the game, won’t there? There’s going to be a storm.There’s to be an investigation.There can be very little doubt about his guilt.There should be another reason for his behavior. There used to be a church round the corner.A: Was there an answer to my telegram? B: John says there must have been one.There can’t have been much traffic so late at night.②. 表示存在概念的不及物动词：exist, remain, come, happen, occur, arise, stand, lie, live…There arose visions of a world empire in his imagination.If ever again there happens an accident like that, we’ll have only ourselves to blame. 如果地点状语放句首，可继续用存在句或用倒装句Behind the house (there) lies a river.In front of the carriage (there) rode two men in uniform.4. 习语：there’s no doing … / there isn’t any doing…There’s no telling what he’ll do. (= One could not tell what he’ll do.)There’s no standing beyond the yellow lines. (= One must not stand beyond the yellow lines.)There isn’t any getting away from it. (= One could not get away from it.)5. 并列结构主语可用就近原则二、存在句的非限定形式（there to be / there being)there being 的否定式： there not being