成人癌症患者静脉血栓栓塞症风险及预防.docxVIP

成人癌症患者静脉血栓栓塞症的风险及预防 Author:  HYPERLINK /contents/zh-Hans/risk-and-prevention-of-venous-thromboembolism-in-adults-with-cancer/contributors Kenneth A Bauer, MD Section Editor:  HYPERLINK /contents/zh-Hans/risk-and-prevention-of-venous-thromboembolism-in-adults-with-cancer/contributors Lawrence LK Leung, MD Deputy Editor:  HYPERLINK /contents/zh-Hans/risk-and-prevention-of-venous-thromboembolism-in-adults-with-cancer/contributors Jennifer S Tirnauer, MD 翻译:  HYPERLINK /contents/zh-Hans/risk-and-prevention-of-venous-thromboembolism-in-adults-with-cancer/contributors 赵万红, 副主任医师，副教授  HYPERLINK /contents/zh-Hans/risk-and-prevention-of-venous-thromboembolism-in-adults-with-cancer/contributor-disclosure Contributor Disclosures 我们的所有专题都会依据新发表的证据和 HYPERLINK /%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%99 \t _blank 同行评议过程而更新。 文献评审有效期至：?2016-09 .?|?专题最后更新日期：?2016-05-25. There is a newer version of this topic available in  HYPERLINK /contents/risk-and-prevention-of-venous-thromboembolism-in-adults-with-cancer?source=Out+of+date+-+zh-Hans English. 该主题有一个新的  HYPERLINK /contents/risk-and-prevention-of-venous-thromboembolism-in-adults-with-cancer?source=Out+of+date+-+zh-Hans 英文版本。 引言?—?癌症患者因处于高凝状态而存在发生血栓性并发症的风险。止血异常轻则表现为不伴临床表现的凝血试验异常，重则表现为大面积或致死性的血栓栓塞。血栓形成可能在恶性肿瘤被诊断前数月或数年即出现，也可能仅发生在治疗或住院期间。尽管血栓栓塞的发病率相对较高，但大多数癌症患者从未发生过血栓栓塞性事件。癌症患者抗凝后的出血风险也可能较高，这使得做出是否使用预防性抗凝药的决策更具挑战性。 我们将在此讨论成人癌症患者的静脉血栓栓塞症(venous thromboembolism, VTE)风险以及这些个体的VTE一级预防；VTE常表现为深静脉血栓形成(deep vein thrombosis, DVT)和/或肺栓塞(pulmonary embolism, PE)。以下内容将会单独详细讨论： ●成人癌症患者的VTE治疗和二级预防–(参见 HYPERLINK /contents/zh-Hans/treatment-of-venous-thromboembolism-in-patients-with-malignancy?source=see_link “恶性肿瘤患者静脉血栓栓塞症的治疗”和 HYPERLINK /contents/catheter-related-upper-extremity-venous-thrombosis?source=see_link “Catheter-related upper extremity venous thrombosis”和 HYPERLINK /contents/zh-Hans/drug-induced-thrombosis-in-patients-with-malignancy?source=see_link “恶性肿瘤患者的药物诱发性血栓形成及血管性疾病”) ●儿童癌症患者血栓栓塞症的预防和治疗–(参见 HYPERLINK /con