Slide中国生态农业信息管理数据库.PPTVIP

Gene flow and environmental risk assessment of GM crops基因流动和和GM作物的环境风险评估 Alan Raybould, Ecological Sciences, Syngenta 阿兰.雷博德, 生态学部, Syngenta公司 Outline 概要 What is gene flow? Methods to estimate gene flow Regulatory risk and environmental risk Hazard and exposure Gene flow in environmental fate Gene flow and weediness Gene flow and genetic resources Data requirements for risk assessment Risk assessment framework 什么是基因流动? 评估基因流动的方法 调整风险和环境风险 危害和暴露 在环境归趋中的基因流动 基因流动和杂草 基因流动和基因资源 风险评估所需的数据 风险评估框架 What is gene flow? 什么是基因流动? Encyclopaedia Britannica “Introduction of genetic material (by interbreeding) from one population of a species to another, thereby changing the composition of the gene pool of the receiving population. ” 不列颠百科全书 “基因(由杂交繁殖产生的)由一个种群传向另一个种群,从而改变了接受基因种群的基因组成” What is gene flow? 什么是基因流动? A natural phenomenon – helps maintain genetic variation Occurs within and between crops, weeds and wild plants In plants, the main agents of gene flow are pollen and seeds 基因流动是自然现象 – 能够帮助维持基因变化 基因流动发生在作物杂草和野生植物之间.在植物中基因流动的主要载体是花粉和种子. Gene flow via pollen 以花粉为载体的基因流动 Plants have mechanisms to disperse pollen Some species use wind Small, unspectacular flowers Produce large amounts of pollen 植物有传播花粉的机制 一些物种利用风作为传播花粉的媒介: 小且不引人注意的花 产生大量花粉 Gene flow via pollen 以花粉为载体的基因流动 Some plants use animal vectors Insects (birds, bats, other mammals, slugs…) Attract animals by colour, scent and rewards (pollen and nectar) 一些植物以动物为花粉的载体 昆虫 (以及鸟类, 蝙蝠, 其他哺乳类动物,蛞蝓…) 以颜色,花香和花粉,花蜜来吸引动物 Gene flow via pollen 以花粉为载体的基因流动 Some plants prevent or reduce self-fertilisation 某些植物防止,减少自我受精 Gene flow via seed 以种子为载体的基因流动 Many mechanisms to promote seed dispersal Wind Structures to keep seeds airborne Animals Structures to catch the fur of animals Fruits + hard seed coat to protect seeds from digestion Man Weeds mimic crops Dispersal in time Dormancy 有许多促进种子传播的机制 风 使种子在空气中传播 动物 种子附着在动物的皮毛上 果实和种皮能防止种子被消化 人类 野草和作物相似 及时传播 冬眠 Gene flow via seed 以种子为载体的基因流动 Gene flow and dispersal 基因流