义守大学93学年研究所硕士班入学考试试题.DOC

PAGE 1義守大學97學年度博士班入學招生考試試題學系別生物技術與化學工程研究所 博士班考試日期97/6/13考試科目科技英文閱讀頁碼/總頁數 PAGE 7/ NUMPAGES 7※此為試題卷。答案請另寫在答案卷內，未寫於答案卷內者，不予計分。※本科可使用紙本英文字典。備註：試題隨答案卷繳交 第 PAGE 7/ NUMPAGES 7頁※選擇題為單選Read the following articles and answer the questionsQuestions 1-3: (15 points, 5 points for each)The development of thermodynamics begins with HYPERLINK /wiki/Otto_von_Guericke \o Otto von Guericke Otto von Guericke who in 1650 built and designed the worlds first HYPERLINK /wiki/Vacuum_pump \o Vacuum pump vacuum pump and created the worlds first ever HYPERLINK /wiki/Vacuum \o Vacuum vacuum. He was driven to make a vacuum in order to disprove HYPERLINK /wiki/Aristotle \o Aristotle Aristotles long-held supposition that nature abhors a vacuum. Shortly thereafter, Irish physicist and chemist HYPERLINK /wiki/Robert_Boyle \o Robert Boyle Robert Boyle had learned of Guerickes designs and in 1656, in coordination with English scientist HYPERLINK /wiki/Robert_Hooke \o Robert Hooke Robert Hooke, built an air pump. Using this pump, Boyle and Hooke noticed a correlation between pressure, temperature, and volume. In time, HYPERLINK /wiki/Boyle%27s_Law \o Boyles Law Boyles Law was formulated, which states that pressure and volume are inversely proportional. Then, in 1679, based on these concepts, an associate of Boyles named HYPERLINK /wiki/Denis_Papin \o Denis Papin Denis Papin built a HYPERLINK /wiki/Bone_digester \o Bone digester bone digester, which was a closed vessel with a tightly fitting lid that confined steam until a high pressure was generated.Later designs implemented a steam release valve that kept the machine from exploding. By watching the valve rhythmically move up and down, Papin conceived of the idea of a piston and a cylinder engine. He did not, however, follow through with his design. Nevertheless, in 1697, based on Papins designs, engineer HYPERLINK /wiki/Thomas_Savery \o Thomas Savery Thomas Savery built the first engine. Although these early engines were crude and inefficie