抗生素与其他抗菌药（英文PPT）NURS 1950 Antibiotics and other Agentsppt课件.pptVIP

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抗生素与其他抗菌药（英文PPT）NURS 1950 Antibiotics and other Agentsppt课件.ppt

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抗生素与其他抗菌药（英文PPT）NURS 1950 Antibiotics and other Agentsppt课件

Aminoglycosides cont Nursing considerations Monitor for ototoxicity (How?) Monitor for nephrotoxicity (How?) Provide optimal oral hygiene IV administration should be done slowly Poorly absorbed via GI—only route is IV Monitor peak and trough levels for toxicity Quinolones/fluoroquinolones First introduced in 1962 Currently four generations Macrolides Low doses-bacteriostatic High doses-bacteriocidal Obj. 12 Discuss uses of quinolones and macrolides Action/Use Bacteriocidal;inhibit enzymes (DNA gyrase and topoisomerase) to affect DNA synthesis;gram neg microbes Respiratory, GI, GU tracts; skin and soft tissue; newer agents very effective against anerobes S/E/route n/v; ADVERSE: dysrhythmias,liver failure and CNS changes; not used in pregnancy; caution in children; oral BID Prototype:Ciprofloxicin (Cipro) Quinolones Nursing considerations: Assess hypersensititivity; report neurologic effects Phototoxicitity Don’t take with vitamins/mineral supplements (or wait 2 hrs before and after Monitor labs I O Take all the prescription Quinolones Action/Use Binds to bacterial ribosome to inhibit synthesis (act inside cell); bacteriostatic; effective against gram + and -;treats whooping cough, Legionaire’s disease, H. influenza and Mycoplasma pneumoniae Newer drugs synthesized from erythromycin—less GI disturbance S/E—very few Prototype: erythromycin (E-Mycin) Macrolides Nursing considerations Do not use in pregnancy Assess history of hypersensititivity Monitor labs (liver and kidney, INR) Macrolides decrease warfarin metablism and excretion Macrolides Clindamycin (Cleocin) Grm + and – effectiveness Use: oral infections Contraindication: hypersensitivity Limited use due to association w pseudomenbranous colitis # 13 Describe Misc. drugs Sulfonamides Action:bacteriostatic, broad spectrum, used for UTI Classified by route of administration Systemic and topical Systemic Sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin) topical Sulfadoxine (Fansidar)- not 1st choice drug Contraindicated in pregnan