环境中铀污染地植物修复.docVIP

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 1目录TOC \o 1-3 \h \u HYPERLINK \l _Toc21942 引言 PAGEREF _Toc21942 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc28428 1铀污染环境的植物修复技术 PAGEREF _Toc28428 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc11912 1.2根际过滤 PAGEREF _Toc11912 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc17160 1.3植物固定 PAGEREF _Toc17160 3 HYPERLINK \l _Toc27739 2植物修复效率的影响因素 PAGEREF _Toc27739 3 HYPERLINK \l _Toc23769 2.1植物种类 PAGEREF _Toc23769 3 HYPERLINK \l _Toc9007 2.2土壤理化性质 PAGEREF _Toc9007 3 HYPERLINK \l _Toc12589 2.3土壤微生物 PAGEREF _Toc12589 4 HYPERLINK \l _Toc10973 2.4土壤改良剂 PAGEREF _Toc10973 4 HYPERLINK \l _Toc16062 2.5农业施肥措施 PAGEREF _Toc16062 5 HYPERLINK \l _Toc31863 2.6铀的化学形态 PAGEREF _Toc31863 5 HYPERLINK \l _Toc8872 3铀污染环境植物修复技术应用实例 PAGEREF _Toc8872 5 HYPERLINK \l _Toc28595 4结束语 PAGEREF _Toc28595 6 HYPERLINK \l _Toc28845 参考文献: PAGEREF _Toc28845 6摘要:利用植物修复技术对环境放射性污染进行治理是目前国内外有关学者研究的热点和难点问题。系统地阐述了放射性核素铀污染环境的植物修复,从植物修复类型(植物提取、根际过滤和植物固定)、植物吸收累积铀的影响因素(植物种类、土壤理化特性、土壤微生物、土壤改良剂、农业施肥措施和铀的化学形态)以及应用实例等几方面介绍了国内外的有关研究现状及其发展趋势。关键词:铀污染 环境 植物修复Abstract: using the phytoremediation technology at home and abroad for the governance of environmental radioactive pollution is related to academic research hot spot and difficult problem. Systematically elaborated the environmental pollution by radioactive nuclide uranium phytoremediation, from phytoremediation type (plant extract, rhizosphere filtering and fixed), accumulation of plants to absorb the influence factors of uranium (plant species, soil physical and chemical properties, soil microbes, soil conditioner, agricultural chemical fertilizer measures and uranium) as well as application examples and so on related research status at home and abroad and its development trend are introduced.Keywords: uranium contaminated environment phytoremediation引言铀矿开采以及核能的利用过程是铀在环境中富集并产生污染的重要途径。铀尾矿和废石中含有铀及其全部子体,其放射性核素含量比本底高2~3个数量级。不适当的堆积或处置这些废料就会导致铀通过流失散布到土壤表面,经风蚀进入空气,或者通过淋洗而进入地下水。此外,铀矿冶大量的放射性废水不断地排出,也直接污染了天然水体和土壤。据几个铀矿山和水冶厂对废石堆及尾矿库周围的鸡、鸭、牛、羊等进行监测结果表明,其铀和镭在鸡、鸭、牛、羊各组织中的浓度比本底高1~2个数量级[1]。调查发现[2],安徽省某铀矿原水