测控技术与仪器专业毕业论文基于单片机的电阻炉温度PID控制系统设计.docVIP

PAGE PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 38 摘 要 电阻炉是利用电流通过电阻体产生的热量来加热或熔化物料的一类电炉。电阻炉在化工、冶金等行业应用广泛，因此温度控制在工业生产和科学研究中具有重要意义[1]。 电阻炉由炉体、电气控制系统和辅助系统组成。炉体由炉壳、加热器、炉衬（包括隔热屏）等部件组成[2]。电气控制系统包括电子线路、微机控制、仪表显示及电气部件等。辅助系统通常指传动系统、真空系统、冷却系统等，随炉种的不同而已。 本设计采用单片机作为数据处理与控制单元，用热电偶作为测量元件，用固态继电器作为输出控制元件来实现对电阻炉温度自动控制。单片机控制K型热电偶温度传感器，把温度信号通过A/D转换器采集到单片机里。单片机经数据处理、PID运算，发出控制信息改变执行模块的状态，同时用LED显示显示值PV、设定值SV[3]。本设计通过4个按键来进行人机交互和LED显示，进而使电阻炉的温度始终保持在要求范围内。 关键词：电阻炉；温度；单片机； PID控制  Abstract The resistance furnace is using the electric current through the resistance body heat generation to heating or melting of a class of materials electric stove. The resistance furnace in chemical industry, metallurgy industry, etc, so the temperature control is widely used in industrial production and scientific research of to have the important meaning. Resistance furnace, the furnace, the electric control system and auxiliary systems. Furnace shell, heater, by furnace lining (including insulation screen) and etc. Electrical control system including electronic circuits, microcomputer control, the instrument shows and electrical parts, etc. Auxiliary system usually refers to the transmission system, vacuum system, cooling system, etc, with the difference of the boiler. This design USES the single chip microcomputer as the data processing and the control unit, the thermocouples used as measuring element, with solid state relay as the output control elements to achieve resistance furnace temperature automatic control. Single-chip microcomputer control of the temperature sensor, K thermocouple temperature signal through the A/D converter collection to the chip. The single-chip microcomputer data processing, PID operation, a control information change executive module form, and the display value, in LED display PV, set data SV. This design through the 4 buttons for human-computer interaction and LED display, and the resistance furnace temperature remains in the requirements range. Key words：The resistance fu