教育心理学 Chapter 7 7174.ppt

A cognitive psychological view of learning: Learners are far from passive in their learning ;rather, they are actively involved in deal with the task and problems. When confronted with a learning task, learners have various resources at their disposal and make use of them in different ways. Differences between strategies: Used consciously vs. Used unconsciously Observable vs. Not observable Cognitive vs. Social E.g.: co-ordinate 7.3 Skills and strategies Definition of strategies: Strategies operate at a level above skills. Strategies are processes of managing and co-ordinating the skills. Features of strategies: Learning strategies involve an ability to monitor the learning situation and respond accordingly. Strategies are purposeful and goal-oriented. A set of learning strategies ------ “super-skills or strategies” Provided by Nisber and Shucksmith Asking questions Planning Monitoring Checking Revising Self-testing 7.4 Learning to learn Importance of strategies: Appropriate skills and strategies can make one into “an autonomous language learner”, one who can learn a language in a self-directed way. Learning strategies can help to achieve one of the aims in education, that is “helping individuals to develop the attitudes that learning is a lifelong process and to acquire the skills of self-directed learning”. The actual situation of education: Traditionally, curricula have intended to concentrate imparting knowledge and skills, and have neglected the teaching of learning strategies. Solution: Schools should be less concerned with imparting information and more concerned with encouraging the kind of teaching which pays attention to the way children learn. Points review: Differences between strategies Definition of strategies Features of strategies super-skills or strategies Learning to learn * * 7 How does the learner deal with the process of learning? 7.1 Introduction Content of the chapter: Notion of “strategi