国际经济学-中英名词解释.docxVIP

国际经济学中英名词解释Absolute advantage: The greater efficiency that one nation may have over another in the production of a commodity. This was the basis for trade for Adam Smith.绝对优势：一国在生产一种产品上比另一国家有更大的有效性。这是亚当·斯密自由贸易理论的基础。Absolute purchasing-power parity theory: Postulates that the equilibrium exchange rate is equal to the ratio of the price levels in the two nations. This version of the PPP theory can be very misleading.绝对购买力平价理论：假设平衡汇率等于两国的价格水平之比，这一购买力平价理论的解释是不被接受的。Ad valorem tariff: A tariff expressed as a fixed percentage of the value of a traded commodity.从价税：一种表示为贸易商品价值的一个固定百分比的税。Arbitrage: The purchase of a currency in the monetary center where it is cheaper for immediate resale in the monetary center where it is more expensive in order to make a profit.套利：在某货币较便宜的货币中心购买该货币，立即在另一较贵的货币中心卖掉此货币以谋利的行为。Balance of payments: A summary statement of all the international transactions of the residents of a nation with the rest of the world during a particular period of time, usually a year.国际收支平衡表：在一段特定的时间内，通常为一年，一国居民同世界上其他国家间进行的所有国际交易的汇总表。Capital account: The change in U.S. assets abroad and foreign assets in the United States, other than official reserve assets.资本项目：美国在国外资产，外国在美国资产，或其他官方储备资产的变化。Capital inflow: An increase of foreign assets in the nation or a reduction in the nation’s assets abroad.资本流入：外国资产在本国的增加或本国资产在外国的减少。Capital-intensive commodity: The commodity with the higher capital-labor ratio at all relative factor prices.资本密集型商品：在所有相对要素价格下均具有较高的资本/劳动比率的商品。Capital outflow: A decrease of foreign assets in the nation or an increases the nation’s assets abroad.资本流出：在国内的国外资产的减少或在外国的国内资产的增加。Community indifference curve: The curve that shows the various combinations of two commodities yielding equal satisfaction to the community or nation. Community indifference curves are negatively sloped, convex from the origin, and should not across.同一无差异曲线：曲线表示对群体或国家产生相同的满足程度的两种商品的不同组合，它是负斜率，凸向原点，且不相交。Compound tariff: A combination of an ad valorem and a specific tariff.复合税：从价税和另一种具