蒸发散问题研究进展与生态环境质量评价.pdfVIP

报告人：北京师范大学 邱国玉 蒸发散问题研究进展和生 态环境质量评价 Advances in Evapotranspiration and Evaluation of Environmental Quality 内 容 一 研究进展与基本方法 二 用三温模型测算蒸散和评价环境质量 三 最新的研究动态 一.研究进展与基本方法 Historical Perspective Methods Definition （定义） Evapotranspiration (ET) Evaporation Transpiration Historical Perspective （研究历史） The paper “An estimate of the quantity of vapor raised out of the sea by warmth of sun ” by Edmund Hally (1687) seems to be one of the earliest articles on evaporation. Evapotranspiration (ET) Bowen (1926) showed that the partitioning of sensible and Evaporation latent heat at a water surface could be determined from gradients of temperature and humidity. Transpiration Thornthwaite and Holzman (1939) estimated evaporation from a pasture by measuring gradients of vapor pressure and by determining a transfer coefficient from wind profile. Historical Perspective （研究历史） An approach towards a rational classification of climate by Warren Thornthwaite (Thornthwaite, 1948), the term evapotranspiration appears for the first time. Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass by Howard Penman (Penman, 1948). Historical Perspective （研究历史） In the mid-sixties, most, if not all, of our modern theory was at hand Since the 1970s, electronic technology and computer science have produced more advanced equipment. Numerous models were developed to estimate ET. 3 Methods to Measure and Estimate of Evapotranspiration （蒸发散测定方法） Three groups Water balance method Micrometeorology method Plant physiology method Water balance method