单轴太阳能光伏发电自动跟踪控制系统设计（毕业论文）.doc

摘要 以常规能源为基础的能源结构随着资源的不断耗用将愈来愈不适应可持续发展的需要，加速开发利用太阳能等可再生能源已成为人们的共识。利用洁净的太阳光能，以半导体光生伏打效应为基础的光伏发电技术有着十分广阔的应用前景。 本课题主要论述了单轴太阳能自动跟踪系统的设计方法。对自动跟踪控制系统的组成及其功能进行了详细的分析与研究，采用单片机AT89C52 作为控制芯片，设计了整套自动跟踪装置。所设计出的系统具有体积小、功耗低、成本低、抗干扰能力强等特点。 单轴太阳能自动跟踪系统通过单片机控制系统自动跟踪太阳方位角，高度角可手动进行调整,使太阳能电池保持较大的发电功率。 通过对单轴自动跟踪系统与双轴自动跟踪系统发电效率的比较,理论证明它的可行性。本设计取消了用于检测太阳能电池板法线与太阳光线间夹角的传感器，而直接利用太阳能电池板发电量作为角度调节依据实现控制。 我国牧区大量使用的是无跟踪的光伏系统，太阳能发电效率较低。本文所述的单轴跟踪系统，结构简单，性价比高，特别适宜在这些地区使用。 关键词：光伏系统；太阳角自动跟踪；单轴跟踪系统 Abstract With the resources being used continuously, the energy structure based on Conventional energy resources will not more and more adapt to requirement of sustainable development. So accelerating the exploitation and utilization of renewable resources that solar energy is principle part has been our common ideas. Using the clean solar light energy, the technology of photovoltaic generating electricity is very promising. The thesis presents a new optimal design method. This thesis mainly describes a method of single axis solar energy automatic tracing system. Every part of this automatic system and its function are analyzed in detail. A set of automatic tracing device is designed with Microcontroller AT89C52. This system has four characteristics, such as smaller cubage, lower power, lower cost, more robust despite strong interfere. Moreover, some programs are designed to debug the designed system, to test its reliability and the results of test are given. Single axis solar energy automatic tracing system follows the orientation angle with Microcontroller system. Height angle can be adjusted by hand, it makes the solar cell keep the higher electricity power. The single axis solar energy automatic tracing system is compared with the double axis solar energy automatic tracing system. we testify its feasibility in theory. Double axis solar energy automatic tracing system consists of solar transducer, this device gets rid of transducer , it uses power of solar cell as angle regulation basis to realize c