分析汉语教材对外优点和不足.docVIP

分析汉语教材对外的优点和不足 离合词是现代汉语中一个特殊的语法现象，而且有相当数量的离合词是出现频率较高的常用词，如“见面、游泳、睡觉、跳舞”等。这类词的特点是语素间的结合不紧密，中间可以插入其他成分，能扩展，在使用时可离可合。因其表现形态复杂多样，因此在对外汉语教学中就成了难点。多少年来，在汉语教材及教学中，离合词一直未被纳入主要语法教学的内容。词语部分中，离合词常以词的形式出现，而在教学过程中，教师也不太可能对常用的离合词逐一进行讲解和举例说明，便常以词的形式举例说明其一般的使用形式，而对其离析状态则多采取回避态度。同时，“离合词的变式虽然多种多样，但没有一本词典的词条是以其变式出现的，而都是以不扩展的形式出现。”[1]留学生也很难通过查询工具书自学到相关内容，缺乏有效的指导，造成了留学生使用语句上的偏误，给留学生学习汉语带来一定的困难。因此，汉语离合词的教学应引起学界的重视，以便更有效地做好对外汉语教学工作。 LIHECI is a special grammar phenomenon in modern Chinese, and the word a number of commonly used words frequently appear, such as meet, swimming, sleeping, dance . The characteristics of this kind of word is a combination of the morpheme s not close, intermediate can be inserted into the other ingredients, can expand, can leave can be combined in use. Because of its form of expression is complicated, so in teaching Chinese as a foreign language will become a difficulty. For many years, the Chinese teaching materials and teaching, word has not been incorporated into the main grammar teaching content. Word part, Lihe words often appear in the form of the word, but in the process of teaching, teachers are not likely to explain and illustrate the word commonly used one by one, they often take the form of the word illustrates its general use form, and the segregation state is more evasive. At the same time, LIHECI although varied, but no dictionary entries are its variant, and are in no extended form. [1] students also is very difficult by the query tool book learning to relevant content, the lack of effective guidance, causing students use Error statement, Chinese brings certain difficulty for students learning. Therefore, Chinese separable words teaching should arouse the attention of scholars, so as to more effectively do a good job of teaching Chinese as a foreign language. 　　一、教材中离合词的分布 Distribution of LIHECI, teaching in a 　　本人对杨寄洲主编的对外汉语综合课教材《汉语教程》（1——3册）（北京语言大学出版社）中的离合词进行了逐课的统计。三册共有离合词186个。具体分布 Comprehensive course of TCSL textbooks of Yang