讲解导体及半导体转变共轭结构.docVIP

讲解导体及半导体转变的共轭结构 聚苯胺的化学合成是在酸性介质中用氧化剂使苯胺单体氧化聚合。化学法能够制备大批量的聚苯胺样品，也是最常用的一种制备聚苯胺的方法。用hci作介质，用(nh4)2s208作氧化剂，一次性可用22500g苯胺合成聚苯胺。化学法合成聚苯胺主要受反应介质酸的种类、浓度。氧化剂的种类及浓度，单体浓度和反应温度、反应时间等因素的影响。 Chemical synthesis of polyaniline is in acidic medium with antioxidant oxidation polymerization of aniline monomer. Chemical method to the preparation of large quantities of polyaniline samples, which is the most commonly used a method of preparation of polyaniline. Using hci as medium, using (nh4) 2 s208 as oxidant, one-time use 22500 g aniline synthesis of polyaniline. Chemical synthesis of polyaniline is mainly affected by reaction medium type, concentration of acid. The kinds and concentrations of oxidizing agent, monomer concentration and reaction temperature, reaction time and so on factors. 　　 　　1　酸的种类及其浓度对合成聚苯胺性能的影响。　　 1 acid type and concentration of effect the performance of the synthesis of polyaniline. 　　苯胺在hci,hbr,h2so4,hcio4,hno3,ch3cooh,hbf4及对甲苯磺酸等介质中聚合都能得到聚苯胺，而在h2so4,hci,hcio4体系中可得到高电导率的聚苯胺，在hno3,ch3cooh体系中所得到的聚苯胺为绝缘体。非挥发性的质子酸h2so4,hcio4最终会残留在聚苯胺的表面，影响产品质量，最常用的介质酸是hci。质子酸在苯胺聚合过程中的主要作用是提供质子，并保证聚合体系有足够酸度的作用，使反应按1，4-偶联方式发生。只有在适当的酸度条件下，苯胺的聚合才按1，4-偶联方式发生。酸度过低，聚合按头一尾和头一头两种方式相连，得到大量偶氮副产物。当酸度过高时，又会发生芳环上的取代反应使电导率下降。当单体浓度为0.5mol.l-1时，最佳酸浓度范围为1.0～2.0mpl.l-i。 Hcio4 aniline in hci, six HBR, - h2so4, hno3, ch3cooh, hbf4 and p-toluene sulfonic acid medium, such as polymerization can be polyaniline, and in - h2so4, hci, hcio4 system in the high conductivity of polyaniline can be obtained, in hno3, ch3cooh system of polyaniline as insulators. Non-volatile proton acid - h2so4 hcio4, eventually will remain on the surface of polyaniline, affect the product quality, the most commonly used medium acid is hci. Proton acid in aniline polymerization process, the main function is to provide the proton, and ensure the polymerization system have enough acidity, the reaction occurred in 1, 4 - coupling way. Only under the condition of proper acidity, the polymerization of aniline was happened