cholerae霍乱弧菌ppt课件.ppt

;Introduction History Epidemiology/Clinical Manifestation Molecular Biology Diagnosis and Treatments Weaponization ;What is Cholera?;Grows in salt and fresh water Can survive and multiply in brackish water by infecting copepods Has over 150 identified serotypes based on O-antigen Only O1 and O139 are toxigenic and cause Cholera disease 2 categories of O1 serotypes – Classical and El Tor ; A life-threatening secretory diarrhea induced by enterotoxin secreted by V. cholerae Water-borne illness caused by ingesting water/food contaminated by copepods infected by V. cholerae An enterotoxic enteropathy (a non-invasive diarrheal disease) A major epidemic disease ;Transmitted by fecal-oral route Endemic in areas of poor sanitation (India and Bangladesh ) May persist in shellfish or plankton 7 pandemics since 1817 – first 6 from Classical strains, 7th from El Tor 1993: Cholera in Bengal caused by O139 – may be cause of 8th pandemic ;Map led Snow to believe that Broad Street pump was cause of outbreak Those affected drank from pump Sewage probably contaminated well Removal of pump handle - end of outbreak Skepticism about Snow’s findings ;Profile of vibrio cholerae;Strains Causing Epidemics;Epidemiology;V. Cholerae Afflicted Areas (2000);Transmission;Epidemics;Hanging latrine on Meghna River, Nepal;People with low gastric acid levels Children: 10x more susceptible than adults Elderly Blood types O B A AB ;Period of Communicability; Ranges from a few hours to 5 days Average is 1-3 days Shorter incubation period: High gastric pH (from use of antacids) Consumption of high dosage of cholera ; Inactivates GTPase function of G-protein coupled receptors in intestinal cells G proteins stuck in “On” position 100 fold increase in cAMP Activation of ion channels Ions flow out and water follows animation ;Infectious Dose;Symptoms;Cholera Gravis;Consequences of Severe Dehydration;Mortality Rate;Molecular Biology of Vibrio cholerae;Identification;Classification: O1 Antigen;Cla