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Critical Thinking about Morality and Introduction to Moral Theory文档.ppt

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Critical Thinking about Morality and Introduction to Moral Theory文档

Critical Thinking about Morality and Introduction to Moral Theory 2006 Makoto Suzuki Aims of Day 2 In this philosophy class, we will examine various moral positions to know whether they are correct. However, you might wonder how to do this. We will consider this question, taking into account what Regan and Timmons say. Tom Regan on Ways Not to Answer Moral Qs: 1. Irrelevance of Personal Preferences Practice: Concise Summary of the Premises (Reasons) Regan (on p.5) argues that moral right and wrong cannot be determined just by finding out about someone’s personal preferences because moral judgments are not just expressions of personal preference. What are the two reasons for this? While different persons’ expressions of personal preferences cannot deny each other, different persons’ moral judgments can deny each other. (See Jack-Jill exchange on liking of Grateful Dead justness of war) While it is not appropriate to press people for justifying their personal preferences, it is always appropriate to press people for justifying their moral judgments. 2. Irrelevance of What a Person Think Regan (on p.6) argues that a person’s thinking something right or wrong does not make it so because his moral claims are not reports of what he thinks. Why? One person’s report of what he thinks cannot contradict another person’s report of what she thinks. For they describe different things. In contrast, one person’s moral claim can contradict another person’s moral claim. Regan illustrates this point with the Bonnie-Clyde exchange. 3. Irrelevance of Statistics On pp.6-7, Regan argues that what all or most people think does not settle moral issues. Why? It is odd to think that the rightness or wrongness of actions changes as people’s view changes. Regan asks you, for example, “As people’s view on capital punishment changes, does it get right (or wrong)?” In general, even what all people think cannot make it so: everyone can be mistaken. (E.g., everyone was mistaken about the shape