普通碳素钢（外文翻译）.docVIP

外文资料翻译 PLAIN CARBON STEEL Any steel-making process is capable of producing a product that has 0.05% or less carbon. With this small amount of carbon, the properties approach of pure iron with maximum ductility and minimum strength. Maximum ductility is desirable from the standpoint of ease in deformation processing and service use. Minimum strength is desirable for deformation processing. However, higher strengths than that obtainable with this low carbon are desirable from the standpoint of product design. The most practical means of increasing the strength is by the addition or retention of some carbon. However, it should be fully understood that any increase of strength over that pure iron can be obtained only at the expense of some loss of ductility, and the final choice is always a compromise of some degree. Because of the difficulty of composition control or the additional operation of increasing carbon content, the cost of higher carbon, higher strength steel is greater than of low carbon. Plain Carbon Steels Most Used. Because of their low cost, the majority of steels used are plain carbon steels. These consist of iron combined with carbon concentrated in there ranges classed as low carbon,medium carbon, and high carbon. With the exception of manganese used to control sulphur, other elements are present only in small enough quantities to be considered as impurities, though in some cases they may have minor effect on properties of the material. Low Carbon. Steel with approximately 6 to 25 points of carbon (0.06%～0.25%)are rated as low carbon steels and are rarely hardened by heat treatment because the low carbon content permits so little formation of hard magnesite that the process is relatively ineffective. Enormous tonnages of these low carbon steels are processed in such structural shapes as sheet, strip,rod,plate,pipe,and wire. A large portion of the material is cold worked in its final processing to improve its hardness, strength, and surface-finish qua