新编英语语法章振邦第三十七邦.docVIP

第三十七讲 替代 替代（substitution）是一种避免重复和连接 上下文的手段。对句中相同的非关键性词语可以用替代词（substitute）来替代，从而避免重复。替代的结果还会使替代词的邻近词语受到强调。例如： Here are two dresses .one is red ; the other blue . I prefer the red one . 在这里，由于dress为替代词one所取代，不仅避免了重复dress一词，而且通过这种替代关系而使上下文紧密连接，同时也使red一词受到强调。 有三种替代现象：名词性替代，动词性替代和分句性替代。也有三种替代词：名词替代词，动词替代词和分句替代词。分述如下： 一、名词性替代 首先介绍名词性替代和名词替代词。 1.1什么是名词性替代 用名词替代词one（s），the same ,the kind ,the sort 等所表示的替代现象叫做名词性替代。例如： The child doesn’t like this book .show him a more interesting one . (one =book) There are good films as well as bad ones .(ones=films) Can you play the piano ? there is one in the room .(one = a piano ) American food is not the same as the English kind . (kind=food) Slang disappears quickly ,especially the juvenile sort (sort = slang ) 名词替代词还包括一些不定代词，如all ,both ,some , any ,enough ,several ,none ,many ,much ,more ,the most ,a few , a little ,less ,the least ,another ,the other , others ,either,neither 等。例如： Can you give me a few nails ? I need some (=some nails) We offered Jack a cup of coffee ,but he didn’t want any .(=any coffee) I don’t want any more food ,I’ve had enough (=enough food). Use this typewriter ;all the others (=other typewriters )are being repaired 1.2替代词one、ones的用法 下面着重介绍名词替代词one/ones的用法。 One 通常可用来替代上下文中出现过的可数名词或以可数名词为中心词的整个名词词组，既可指人，也可指物。例如： The grey horse is stronger than the black one (one = horse ) I lose a neighbor and you gain one . (one = a neighbor ) 替代词one的复数形式是onse，只能替代复数名词，既可指人，也可指物。例如： The new design is much better than the old ones , (ones = designs) There were a few young people with some older ones in the house .(onse = people) One/onse作为替代词只能用以替代可数名词，不可用来替代不可数名词。例如：不可以说 *it’s cheaper to buy furniture than to have new one made . *if you haven’t got fresh milk ,I’ll take some tinned ones . 在上述两例中，应该分别重复furniture和milk两个词，而不能用one和ones来代替。 B）当替代词one用以替代名词词组中心词时，它通常带有限定词，但是，不定冠词和物主限定词通常不可以直接位于替代词one之前。在不定冠词和物主限定词之后通常须跟有形容词或其他前置修饰语，随后才可用替代词one。比如可以说： Can I have a melon ? I’d ?like a big one . Your car isn’t fast enough .Let’s take