南京南京大学商学院国际结算课件.pptVIP

Financial Intermediary A bank assists in documenting, implementing, and financing the business agreement between buyer and seller. To maximize its revenues through payment services or products. Must weigh its revenue objectives against the operational risks that are inherent in most payment products and the credit risk associated with any financing extended to the buyer or seller. 1.5.2 Factors considered by the exporter in making the payment decision Protection Convenience Cost Commercial competition Faces trade-offs among these four criteria The higher level of non-payment protection, more costly and cumbersome, and less competitive. Major risks for the exporter to consider in selecting an appropriate payment technique Business and commercial risk A deterioration in the importer’s operations and sales will result in insufficient cash flow to pay the exporter. Financial risk The inability of the importer to obtain the necessary financing to complete the asset conversion cycle. Political/Country risk An event, such as a societal upheaval, that disrupts the importers’ ability to generate cash flows. Risk in control of title to the goods The ability of the exporter to control over the title to the goods until the importer pays. Transfer risk A soft currency cannot be converted to a hard currency to repay the exporter. No access to hard currency. Severe foreign exchange shortage or control. Major risks for the importer to consider: The quantity and quality of the goods are not confirm to the original sales contract or order. ? 1.5.3 Types of payment techniques Consignment 寄售 The importer accepts the goods and attempts to sell them on a “best effort” basis. No payment is required until the goods are actually sold. Open account 赊销 The exporter ships the goods, and then provides the importer with a contractual defined period of time before payment is due. Documentary collection 跟单托收 Prior to the receipt of the goods, the importer is required to either pay fo