当代美国阶级.docVIP

自由女神像：the Statue of Liberty 国会山：Capitol hill 五角大楼：the Pentagon[p?nt?ɡɑn] Society America was born in a culture war when colonists [kɑl?n?st]（殖民地开拓者）departed from Britain in the early 1600s, and the tensions over culture have increased with each new set of immigrants. American society is a mixture of racial, ethnic, immigrant, or multicultural neighborhoods, city blocks, and suburbs[s?b?b]（郊区）. Critics of the society generally agree with political scientist Andrew Hacker’s conclusion that the country is increasingly divided into Two Nations: Black and White, Separate, Hostile[hɑstl]（敌对的）, and Unequal (2000). Many observers conclude that the classless society seems increasingly polarized（使两极分化） by wealth and poverty according to educational attainment（成就） and gender. Sociologist Robert Putnam bemoans[b?mon]（哀叹，惋惜） a breakdown of community involvement and sees most Americans Bowling Alone (2000). 【ethnic和racial都是表示种族的。不过，ethnic多用于表示文化方面，比如国籍、文化习俗、语言、信仰等等。而racial多指人的外在特殊，比如肤色、眼睛颜色、头发颜色等等。】 （在17世纪初，美国出身于一个文化战争时期当它从英国独立时，文化的延伸增加了一批新的移民者。美国社会是一个种族，民族，移民，多元文化地区，城市街区和郊区的混合体。社会评论家普遍认同政治科学家安德鲁哈克尔的结论，那就是这个国家越来越分为两个国家：白人与黑人，隔离，敌对和不平等。许多观察家认为无阶级社会似乎因为财富与贫困越来越极化根据教育程度和性别。社会学家罗伯特帕特南哀叹社区参与的破坏并看到大多数美国人独自玩保龄球（2000）） On the opposite side, the society has its defenders. Historians Stephan and Abigail Thernstrom conclude that in the area of race it is more correct to see an America in Black and White: One Nation, Indivisible (1999). Sociologist Alan Wolfe finds that community spirit is thriving[θriaivi?]（繁荣的，蒸蒸日上的）, and says so in his book, One Nation After All (1998). David Brooks insists on the vitality[va?t?l?ti]（活力） of the American Dream as a homogenizing [h?m?d??naizi?]（使均质）force, and details his findings in his book, On Paradise Drive: How We Live Now (And Always Have) in the Future Tense (2004b). When polled about the ongoing culture wars, most Americans are unsure of what is being asked and are likely to insist that they are foursquare behind traditional American values, variou