初中英语基础语法手册.docx

PAGE 19 PAGE 英语主干 1. 词汇 2. 时态(主动语态+被动语态) 动作 时间 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 现在 一般现在时 sb. do/does sth. be done 现在进行时 be doing be being done 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done 现在完成进行时 have/has been doing 过去 一般过去时 sb. did sth.was/were done 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done 过去完成时 had done had been done 将来 一般将来时 sb.will do sth.will be done 将来进行时 will be doing will be being done 将来完成时 will have done will have been done 过去 将来 一般过去将来 sb.would do sth. would be done 过去将来进行时 would be doing would be being done 过去将来完成时 would have done would have been done 3. 从句 1) 主语从句 2) 宾语从句 3) 表语从句 4) 定语从句 5) 状语从句 6) 同位语从句 4. 其他句型：包括强调句、倒装句、not...unitl句型、虚拟语气、英语四大规则等。 主语从句 I. 主语从句: 主语是个句子，或者说从句在句中充当主语. 1. 当主语是陈述句时，连接词是that 即： that(不省略)+该陈述句 Eg. 1.) That we will be late is certain. (We will be late.) 2.) That he did not come yesterday is a pity. (He did not come yesterday.) (注意) 主语从句的that一定不能省略，而宾语从句中的that可以省略。 Eg. 1.) That we will be late is certain. (主语从句，that不能省略) 2.) I hope (that) we will win the game. (宾语从句，that 可以省略) 2. 当主语是一般疑问句时，连接词是whether(or not) 即： whether(or not) +该一般疑问句的陈述语序 (注意)“if” 不能引导主语从句，这要与宾语从句进行区分。 Eg. 1.) Whether he will go there is not known. (Will he go there?) 2.) Whether they can finish the job (or not) is not clear. (Can they finish the job?) 3. 当主语是特殊疑问句时，连接词是特殊疑问词“8W+H” 即：特殊疑问词“8W+H” +该特殊疑问句的陈述语序 （注：8W指的是what/where/which/who/whom/why/whose/when, H 指的是how） Eg. 1.) What he did yesterday is not known. (What did he do yesterday?) 2.) Where he went yesterday is not clear. (Where did he go yesterday?) 3.) Which team he liked has not been decided. (Which team did he like?) 4.) Who won the game seems certain. (Who won the game?) 5.) Whom he met yesterday is not clear. (Whom did he meet yesterday?) 6.) Why he was late for the meeting is to be found out. (Why was he late for the meeting?) 7.) Whose book this is is not clear. (Whose book is this?) 8.)