不同水分管理方式对水稻生长产量及品质影响.docVIP

不同水分管理方式对水稻生长、产量及品质的影响 　　摘 要：为探讨提高水稻产量和稻米品质的水分管理方式，通过盆栽试验，以中优849为材料，研究了常规淹水灌溉、干湿交替灌溉和湿润灌溉3种水分管理方式对水稻分蘖动态、生长、产量、产量构成和稻米外观品质的影响。结果表明，与常规淹水灌溉处理相比，干湿交替灌溉能促进分蘖，分蘖发生早，对株高无明显影响，而湿润灌溉不仅造成前期茎蘖增长慢，茎蘖数下降，而且还会影响地上部干物质积累。干湿交替灌溉能增加有效穗数和结实率，使产量提高12.63%，而湿润灌溉的结实率较低，产量降低8.71%。不同水分管理对穗长、千粒质量影响不大。干湿交替灌溉下稻米的精米率和整精米率均高于常规淹水和湿润灌溉，但垩白率和垩白度低于常规淹水和湿润灌溉。在水稻生产中以干湿交替灌溉取代常规淹水灌溉不仅可促进水稻生长、提高产量，而且还可以改善稻米品质。 　　关键词：水稻;水分管理;生长;产量;品质 　　中图分类号：S274.1; S511 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.01.023 　　Effect of Different Water Managements on Growth， Grain Yield and Quality of Rice 　　LYU Yinfei， REN Yanfang， LIU Dong， ZHANG Yanchao， HE Junyu 　　（College of Agriculture， Guizhou University， Guiyang， Guizhou 550025， China） 　　Abstract： Water-saving techniques in rice production have been focused recently. This study aimed to investigate the suitable irrigation technique with high yield and good quality. With rice cultivars Zhongyou 849 as experimental materials， the tillering， growth， yield， and appearance quality of rice under three water management modes （traditional flooding， alternate wetting and drying and moistening irrigation） were analyzed by pot experiment. The results showed that the tillering was enhanced and the peak of tillers occurred ahead under alternate wetting and drying irrigation， however， the plant height was not significantly affected compared with traditional flooding irrigation. The increase of tillering number was slow and the time reaching the maximum tillers was delayed under moistening irrigation. The accumulation of dry matter was reduced under moistening irrigation. Alternate wetting and drying irrigation with higher effective panicle and seed setting rate increased the yield by 12.63%， compared with traditional flooding irrigation. However， moistening irrigation with lower seed setting rate decreased the yield by 8.71%. The irrigation modes had no significant effects on spike length and 1 000-grain weight. Compared with traditional flooding a