水体主要污染压力来源.PPT

作品 授權條件 作者/來源 經濟部水利署 .tw/annmisc.aspx 2011/09/13 visited Wiki USGS /wiki/File:Earth%27s_water_distribution.gif 2011/09/13 visited Wiki Mav at en.wikipedia /wiki/File:Owens_River_from_tableland-750px.jpg?uselang=zh-tw 2011/09/13 visited 經濟部水利署 09/NCSD/img/img/14889/4-3.ppt 2011/09/13 visited 台灣大學 王根樹 2011/09/13 visited 台灣大學 王根樹 2011/09/13 visited 台灣大學 王根樹 2011/09/13 visited 地下水超抽 7.2億噸 生活用水 33億噸(18%) 工業用水 17億噸(9%) 農業用水 126億噸(68%) 水庫供水量 44億噸(24%) 河川引水量 83.6億噸(45%) 地下水抽用量 58億噸(31%) 總用水量 185.6億噸 地下入滲量 50.8億噸 河道逕流量 661億噸 降雨量 936億噸 蒸發損失量 224億噸 100% 24% 71% 入海 533.4億噸 5% 保育用水 9.6億噸(5%) 30 作品 授權條件 作者/來源 台灣大學 王根樹 2011/09/13 visited 台灣大學 王根樹 2011/09/13 visited 台灣大學 王根樹 2011/09/13 visited 台灣大學 王根樹 2011/09/13 visited 台灣大學 王根樹 2011/09/13 visited 台灣大學 王根樹 2011/09/13 visited 31 * * * Climate change: greenhouse gas emissions are projected to increase in the EU by about 6% from 1990 to 2010. Atmospheric concentrations of CO2 , CH4 and NOx could rise by as much as 45%, 80% 20% respectively to 2050. A doubling of global carbon dioxide is expected, producing an estimated temperature rise of 1.5 to 4.5oC. Stratospheric ozone depletion: concentrations have declined at mid-latitudes over Europe by 6 to 7 per cent during the past decade. However, the ozone layer is benefiting from the phasing out of ozone depleting substances, but it will only start to recover after the mid 2030s and is not expected to recover fully before 2050. Consequently, ultra-violet radiation levels and associated damaging affects, e.g.. skin cancer are expected to increase. The loss of biodiversity: between a third and a half of all fish, reptiles, mammals and amphibians in Europe are under threat. Major accidents: the specific problems of nuclear safety in Central and Eastern Europe are being tackled by a strategy of assistance by 24 countries. Over 300 major industrial accidents have been reported in the EU since 1984. Acidification: severe acidification of freshwater affects southern Scandinavia.