spc-抽样教本.pptVIP

Learning Objectives Revision of SPC Fundamentals/SPC原理校正 Misconceptions of SPC/SPC 误解 Process Control Model/制程控制模型 Two Basic Causes of Variability/2种基本变异原因 Review of X-R Chart and X-s Chart/均值极差及单值控制图回顾 Review of Attributes Control Charts属性控制图回顾 Designing the X-chart均值控制图的设计 Sampling Risks (a and b)抽样风险 ARL0 and ARL1 Determining Sampling Interval决定抽样时间间隔 Determining Sample Size决定样本大小 Process Control Model for Quality Control Two Basic Causes of Variability Chance Causes of Variation变异的偶因 Due to the cumulative effect of many small unavoidable sources of variation.许多不可避免的小的变异源的累积 Also known as: common variation普通变异 random variation随机变异 inherent variation内在变异 natural variation自然变异 A process operating with only chance causes of variation is said to be “in statistical control”.仅有偶因变异的制程处于统计控制 Two Basic Causes of Variability Assignable (or Special) Causes of Variation变异的异因 Variation in a process that is different from from chance variation; disturbs a process so that what it produces seems unnatural.这种变异明显异常于偶因引起的变异，制程受到明显的影响，显得不自然。 Examples of such causes of variation are异因引起的变异的例子: improperly adjusted machine不正常的调机 excessive tool wear过多使用工具 defective raw material使用有缺陷的原材料 A process operating in the presence of assignable causes of variation is said to be “out-of-control”异因引起的变异的制程处于不受控. Objectives of SPC Charts All control charts have one primary purpose!所有控制图均有一个基本的目的 To detect assignable causes of variation探测严重引起制程变异的异因，因此： that cause significant process shift, so that: investigation and corrective action may be undertaken to rid the process of the assignable causes of variation before too many non-conforming units are produced.大量不合格品产生前，必须调查研究并采取改善行动，以消除起制程变异的异因 in other words, to keep the process in statistical control.换句话说，使得制程处于统计控制 Objectives of SPC Charts The following are secondary objectives or direct benefits of the primary objective:以下是采用控制图的好处 To reduce variability in a process.减少制程的变异 To help estimate the parameters of a process and establish its pro