英语语法动词不定式培训讲解.ppt

第20~21讲 ;3. 都有语态和时态的变化。如： He has finished his homework.（完成式） Having finished his homework, he went out. The overpass will be built there.（被动） The hospital being built will be completed next month.;不定式;不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由“to+动词原形”(to do)构成,动词不定式有动词和名词的特征。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语等成分，但不能单独作谓语。 ;2不定式的时态和语态;不定式的时态;进行时：表示正在发生的动作，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生； He seems to be eating something.;完成时：表示动作发生在谓语动词之前 I am sorry to have given you so much trouble. He seems to have caught a cold.;完成进行时：表示句子的主要谓语动词所表示的动作发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，不定式的动作从过去某个时段发生一直持续到现在； She is known to have been working in our company for more than twenty years.;不定式的语态;不定式的否定形式;不定式的基本用法：;不定式的语法功能;注意;It 做形式主语，不定式作逻辑主语时一般有介词for, of等引导； It is easy for me to do that. It is very hard for him to study two languages.;当用it is +adj+ of sb. To do sth 一般表示人物的品行和行为特征，it’s 后面多用表示主观情感和态度的形容词； It is very kind of you to say this. It is very rude of you to do this.;翻译：;辨析：;不定式作宾语的形容词常见的有： ready, eager, sure, glad, anxious, sorry, afraid, free, pleased, willing…;如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语， 则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面， 例如： Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 能带形式宾语的动词还有 think,believe,feel,consider,make等。 ;②不定式动词在介词but, except, 后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do 的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to, 否则要带to。;3.某些及物动词：forget, mean remember, regret, try, go on, 等可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语，但表达的意思不同;6. wish, hope, plan, be, mean + to have done / had wished….+to do表示原打算干却没能办到 1. I had meant to go to Shanghai yesterday, but was delayed by the bad weather. 2. ---Why didn’t you come to my birthday party? ---I’ d like to have, but I had an unexpected guest.;;（3） 作表语（表将来时）;动词不定式作宾补省略to;（5）作定语 动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词 或代词后。 I have a meeting to attend. 注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如： He found a good house to live in. The child has nothing to worry about. Do you have a pen to write with ? ;不定式作状语;目的状语 不定式可放于句首或句尾;结果状语：表示事先没有料到，放于句尾 What I have said to make you angry? She beat other players to take the first place in the badminton game. ;;动词不定式做状语应注意