大型文化活动影响衡量文献综述.docVIP

我的豆丁文档 专业文档 我的豆丁文档 专业文档 页脚 Measuring the Impacts of Large Scale Cultural Events: A Literature Review 1. Summary This paper offers an overview of studies measuring the various impacts of large scale cultural events. Fifty studies from both academic and consultancy backgrounds are assessed, with a focus on the methodologies used and the types of impact assessed. The study concludes with a discussion of key trends and research gaps.1 大型文化活动的影响衡量：文献综述 1。摘要 本文提供了一项研究关于衡量大型文化活动造成的各种影响，来源于学术研究和咨询机构的五十项评定着重于使用方法和文化影响的类型。研究总结了关键趋势和分歧方面的问题。 2. Introduction: measuring the impacts of large scale cultural events As the range of cultural festivals and major cultural events has grown over the years, their impacts have increasingly come under the scrutiny of funders, policy-makers and planners. Various evaluations and more in-depth studies have found that large scale events have a variety of potential impacts, including economic, social, cultural, political, physical and environmental ones. What is more, these impacts are not always necessarily positive, but can be negative as well, or have a positive effect on one dimension (e.g. economic) while having a negative effect on another (e.g. environmental or cultural). Much of the literature studying event and festival impacts builds on the early work in the area of event tourism, in which Getz (1997), Ritchie (1984) and Hall (1992) are the most often cited authors. However, these studies are not specifically designed to measure the impacts of cultural events, and their methods have mostly been applied to sporting events. This review therefore specifically assesses the available literature dedicated to measuring the impacts of large scale cultural events and festivals. It is not so much concerned with the outcomes of these studies as with a discussion of the types of impact studied and the methods used. For this reason, conceptual studies or commentaries have not been taken into account, unless they included a discussion or