现代西方哲学罗素哲学-厦门大学.PDF

郑伟平 厦门大学哲学系 2011-04-09 作为哲学家的罗素 1 、分析哲学奠基者—— 问题与 方法 2、逻辑主义主要代表——从逻 辑推出 数学 3 、现代逻辑的奠基者——第一 个完善的谓词演算系统（1910 年 《数学原理》） 4 、许多未被讨论的哲学问题 2 作为文学家的罗素 三种激情与人的理想 Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair. Russell is a noble with NOBEL 3 罗素的中国情怀 1920年访问中国 作为政治思想家，而不是作为逻辑学家哲学家 1922 《中国问题》 1. 工业化 2. 普及教育 3. 强有力的中央政府 4 罗素的1900年 1900年巴黎大会与皮亚诺相遇 智力的蜜月期 数理逻辑的酸甜苦辣 对新黑格尔主义作战的胜利 罗素悖论的困扰 5 Russell Paradox 1. Some sets, such as the set of all teacups, are not members of themselves. Other sets, such as the set of all non-teacups, are members of themselves. 2. Call the set of all sets that are not members of themselves “R.” 3. If R is a member of itself, then by definition it must not be a member of itself. 4. Similarly, if R is not a member of itself, then by definition it must be a member of itself. 6 Russell’s theory of descriptions What is its motivation? For the paradox One simple reasoning: 1. The class is the generator ? of the paradox 2. If we might eliminate the notion of class, we delete the paradox.