09-13存在主义和萨特清华大学韦正翔教授制作.pptVIP

Company Logo 萨特及其思想:无神论和人的放弃—他拒绝人会被激情席卷，从而激情能够成为行为的借口的观念—人甚至需要为他的激情负责，因为感情是由行为构成的—自由是惊人的，正是因为没有什么东西在背后强迫我要用某种方式说和以某种方式行为，也没有什么精确的模式来引诱我走入未来 Company Logo Sartre and His Thought: Atheism and Man’s Abandonment– He rejected the notion that a human being is swept up by a torrent of passion and that such a passion could be regarded as an excuse for his actions—Man is responsible even for his passions, because even his feelings are formed by his deeds—Freedom is appalling precisely because it means that there is nothing forcing me from behind, so to speak, to behave in any given way, nor is there a precise pattern luring me into the future Company Logo 萨特及其思想:无神论和人的放弃—我是存在着的唯一的事物—我们都是自由的，所以我们必须选择，也就是说，发明，因为不存在一般的道德原则来展示给我们应该做什么—在这个世界上没有一种有保障的指导方针 Company Logo Sartre and His Thought: Atheism and Man’s Abandonment– I am the only thing that exists— We are all free, therefore we must choose, that is, invent, because no rule of general morality can show us what ought to do— There are no guidelines guaranteed to us in this world Company Logo 萨特及其思想:无神论和人的放弃—他强调人的有限性和与虚无的关系—虚无像虫子一样盘据在人的心脏之中—只有在行动中才存在真实—人只是其行动和目的的总和；除了他的实际的日常生活外，他什么也不是—如果人是个懦夫，他是自己把自己创造成懦夫的；他通过他的行动把他创造成懦夫 Company Logo Sartre and His Thought: Atheism and Man’s Abandonment– He emphasized man’s finitude and his relation to nothingness— Nothingness coiled in the heart of being, like a worm— Only in action is there any reality— Man is only the sum of his actions and purposes; besides his actual daily life he is nothing— If a person is a coward, he made himself one; he is a coward because he made himself into one by his actions Company Logo 萨特及其思想:无神论和人的放弃—尽管没有先于所有人的本质，没有人性，但是存在着普遍的人的存在条件—他拒绝使用狭隘的个人主观性来作为真理的标准—而是在自我的有意识的思想行动中来发现所有人的生存条件—我们是生活在一个交互主体的世界里—在这个世界中个人必须生活、选择和决策 Company Logo Sartre and His Thought: Atheism and Man’s Abandonment– Although there is no prior essence in all men, no human nature, there is, nevertheless, a universal human conditions— He rejects a narrow individual subjectivism as the standard of t