毕业论文跟建筑.docVIP

附录 一、英文原文 Building Abstract: There are a lot of building history and historical buildings, and the development of such as building materials and so on. Till now we have a better technology and science about building. Key words: modern buildings and structural materials, building types and design, components of a building. Modern Many great buildings built in earlier ages are still in existence and in use. Among them are the Pantheon and Colosseum in Rome , Hagia Sophia in Istanbul; the Gothic churches of France and England, and the Renaissance cathedrals, with their great domes, like the Duomo in Florence and St. Peter’s in Rome .They are massive structures with thick stone walls that counteract the thrust of the great weight. Thrust is the pressure exerted by each part of a structure on its other parts. These great buildings were not the products of knowledge of mathematics and physics. They were constructed instead of the basis of experience and observation, often as the result of trial and error. One of the reasons they have survived is because of the great strength that was built into them-strength greater than necessary in most cases. But the engineers of earlier times also had their failure. In Rome, for example, most of the people lived in insula, great tenement blocks that were often ten stories high. Many of them were poorly constructed and sometimes collapsed with considerable loss of life. Today, however, the engineer has the advantage not only of empirical information, but also of scientific data that permit him to make careful calculations in advance. When a modern engineer plans a structure, he takes into account the total weight of all its component materials. This is known as the dead load, which is the weight of the structure itself. He must also consider the live load, the weight of all the people, cars, furniture, machines, and so on that the structure will support when it is in use. In structures such as bridges that will handle fast automobil