派生副词大多数生副词有-ly后缀oddly.pptVIP

Lecture 24 Adverb and Adverb Phrase Teaching Contents 24.1 Chief uses of adverbs and adverb phrases 24.2 Adverbs with or without –ly Like adjectives, adverbs are a class of words that chiefly function as modifying elements, and modify verbs, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions or other adverbs. In terms of word formation, adverbs fall into two groups: simple and derivative adverbs. Simple ones consist of only one free morpheme; derivatives are derived from adjectives by adding a suffix –ly and most adverbs are derivatives. Semantically, adverbs can be subdivided into adverbs of manner, adverbs of degree, adverbs of time, adverbs of frequency, adverbs of place, as well as conjunctive and explanatory adverbs. 派生副词：大多数派生副词有-ly后缀：oddly。 其它一些派生后缀： -wise: clockwise; -ways: sideways; -ward(s): northward(s); -style: cowboy-style; -fashion: schoolboy-fashion 与介词短语towards the south/east/north/west相对应的副词有south, southward(s)。不带-s的形式较为普遍，在美国的书刊英语中尤其如此。 e.g. The window faces south (最常见) / southwards / southward. 形容词所以能加-ly变成副词，是与形容词的动态性质有关，如cheerful – cheerfully, suspiciously, jealously. 但是，典型的各类静态形容词，如大小、颜色、年龄，不能加-ly，如*bigly, *tally, *redly, *blondly, *oldly, *youngly. 24.1 Chief uses of adverbs and adverb phrases 1) Adverbs as modifier in phrases As a phrase element, adverbs are chiefly used a) as modifier of verbs. e.g. They completely ignored my views. b) as modifier of adjectives, e.g. I’m feeling kind of tired. c) as modifier of adverbs, e.g. Do it right now. d) as modifier of prepositions or conjunctions, e.g. His parents are dead against the trip. e) as modifier of determiners, e.g. They recovered roughly half their equipment. f) as modifier of nouns or whole noun phrases, e.g. She’s rather a fool. g) Only few adverbs can be used as postmodifiers of nouns, e.g. your friend here, his trip ahead. Some can be premodifiers, e.g. his home journey. 副词作修饰语 1)作形容词修饰语：增强语义的强化语，可以与可分等级形容词连用。两组强化语：增强语和减弱语。 A.增强语(amplifier)是从假定标准出发，在程度上逐步增强。 e.g. a funny film ? a very