碳酸盐燃料电池极材料的研究进展.docVIP

碳酸盐燃料电池阴极材料的研究进展 刘和平 摘要：传统熔融碳酸盐燃料电池（MCFC）的阴极材料是锂化的多孔NiO，NiO在催化O2，电导率和机械性能方面均满足MCFC对阴极材料的要求。MCFC作为第二代商业化的燃料电池，其在热电联供电厂，分布式电站方面的运用优势明显。但限制其运用和商业化扩大的原因在于其阴极材料的溶解。NiO溶解在碳酸盐电解质中并向阳极扩散，在阳极H2的还原作用下Ni2+以金属镍的形式沉积在电解质隔板孔隙内壁。从而造成电池短路，崩溃甚至爆炸。本文综述了近年来MCFC阴极材料的研究进展，讨论了各种改进措施的优缺点、取得成功的方面和机理，并对MCFC的前景做了分析和展望。 关键词：燃料电池 熔融碳酸盐燃料电池 MCFC 阴极 包覆 掺杂 热电联供电厂 Research progress in cathode material of molten carbonate fuel cell Liu He-ping，Su Yu-chang，Fang Hui-hui （School of Materials Science and Engineering，Central South University，Changsha，Hunan 410083） abstract：The traditional cathode material for molten carbonate fuel cell(MCFC) is porous lithiated-NiO. It meets the requires of MCFC in conductivity，catalyzing O2 and machanical performance. MCFC, as the second commercialized fuel cell, have remarkable advantages in distributed power station and stationary application combined heat and power. However,its use and larger commercializing were limited by the dissolution of cathode. Because NiO was dissolved into molten carbonate electrolyte and subsequently Ni2+ diffused to the anode. In this process ,Ni2+ was deoxidized into matallic nickel by the dissolved H2 from anode and precipitated in the matrix.The continuous deposition formed bridged grains ,and eventually short-circuiting of the cell, collapse and explosion. Here,we summerized the researching progress of cathode in MCFC during the past few years, discussed these defects of different ways of modifying material, the successful aspects and principles, and make prospects for the tomorrow of MCFC. Key words：Fuel cell(FC)；molten carbonate fuel cell；MCFC；cathode；coating；doping； stationary application combined heat and power； 燃料电池是一种新型的电池体系，它不仅可以把H2的化学能直接转化为电能，并且能直接利用甲醇，天然气等烃类燃料。运行过程中没有噪音和有毒气体排放。熔融碳酸盐燃料电池是继碱性和磷酸型燃料电池（AFC，PAFC）之后成功商业化的第二代燃料电池。其工作原理是利用阴极催化产生的O2-与CO2结合成CO32-，CO32-在碳酸盐熔融介质中传递到阳极，与阳极催化产生的H+反应生成H2O和CO2，电子则由外电路阳极传输到阴极[1]。 MCFC已成为20世纪80年代以来，美，日，西欧主要发展的民用发电技术。美国FCE（Fuel Cell Energy）公司从2001年开始就进入分布式发电电源市场，并成功开发了一系列的民用产品[2]。如图1，就是这家公司