船舶油污责任归原则的研究.docVIP

船舶油污责任归责原则的研究 PAGE PAGE 43 摘 要 自从19世纪工业革命以后，人类的科学技术和生产力飞速发展，经济贸易和海上运输越来越繁荣，人们对海洋开发和利用的程度也越来越高，但与此同时，海洋遭受的污染损害也日趋严重。在海洋污染中，船舶是最重要的油类污染源。随着国际上一系列重大油污事件的发生，海洋环境保护与船舶污染损害赔偿问题更加受到国际公约与国内立法的关注。船舶油污染侵权是民事侵权行为的一种，属于特殊的海上侵权行为。其中船载油类货物的事故性侵权由于损失巨大，受到国际社会的普遍关注。 对于司法工作者而言，要正确处理船舶污染这种侵权纠纷案件，首先必须准确掌握侵权法的归责原则，否则就无法给侵权案件予以定性，也就无法正确适用法律；对船舶污染受害者而言，掌握归责原则有助于保护自己的合法权益，在受到损害的时候，能够及时得到赔偿。除引言和结论以外，文章共分为三章进行论 述。 第一章对侵权责任归责原则进行理论概述。归责原则的研究应与具体的行为类型、责任形式联系起来。环境污染民事侵权就是具体的行为类型之一。船舶油污损害赔偿的主要责任形式是金钱赔偿。船舶油污损害赔偿具有很大的危险性，应当适用严格责任原则。 第二章通过比较国内外立法现状以及国际立法现状，分析了船舶污染损害的归责原则与免责。在侵权法中归责、归责原则含义的基础上，同时从法律经济学的角度分析了对船舶污染这种环境侵权行为应采用严格责任原则的正确性。 第三章为船舶污染损害赔偿的连带责任，根据环境共同侵权理论和现行法律规定，主张船舶碰撞中的严格责任与连带责任不应该互相排斥。 关键词：船舶污染，侵权责任，归责原则，连带责任 ABSTRACT Since the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, human science and technology and human productivity have expanded rapidly, business executive and trade and maritime transport have also prospered comprehensively, the level of the development and use of the ocean have been more deeply. At the same time, marine pollution damage has been suffered seriously. In marine pollution, the ship is the most important sources of oil pollution. With a series of major international oil spill incidents, the problem of marine environmental protection and compensation for pollution damage is more concerned by international conventions and domestic legislation. As one kind of tort, oil pollution damage from ships is a special maritime tort. As the oil pollution damages from ships are usually great, such damages have come to the international sociality’s attention. For the purposes of judicial workers to correctly handle such infringement disputes about oil pollution damages from ships, they must first accurately grasp the principles of tort law liability. Otherwise, it can not be characterized for infringement cases and apply the law correctly. For the purposes of the victims of pollution caused by ships, grasp the pri