键结和晶体结构.PDFVIP

鍵結與晶體結構 Crystal Structures and Bonding in Solids Schrodinger Equation  structure of hydrogen atom  properties of other atoms  periodic table  a system of atoms, crystals  semiconductors  integrated circuits ( I.C. ) • 3 forms or phases of matter gas liquid condensed system solid ( 凝態 ) solid liquid gas order disorder • solid amorphous  short range order crystal  long range order glass molecular arrangement crystalline arrangement 晶體結構( Crystal Structures )  a 3-dimensional periodic array of atoms or molecules • space lattice – regular periodic arrangement of points in space space lattice atom A basis atom B crystal • basis : atom or group of atoms • ( lattice ) + ( basis )  crystal structure • only 7 categories and 14 possible lattice arrangement : 14 Bravais lattices • NaCl structure : fcc , basis consists of a Na and a Cl atoms • CsCl structure : cubic , basis consists of a Cl and a Cs atoms • Diamond structure : fcc , basis consists of 2 identical atoms ( C, Si, Ge, Sn ) 離子鍵與離子晶體( Ionic Bonding and Crystals ) • between “+” and “–” ions 例 : in NaCl molecule Na + 5.14 eV  Na+ + e- - - Cl + e  Cl + 3.62 eV Coulomb’s attraction potential energy between Na+ and Cl- 1 e2 -9