2016 GINA 全球哮喘处理和预防策略（针对成人和5岁以上儿童）-袖珍指南.pdf

POCKET GUIDE FOR ASTHMA MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION (for Adults and Children Older than 5 Years) A Pocket Guide for Health Professionals Updated 2016 BASED ON THE GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR ASTHMA MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION © Global Initiative for Asthma GLOBAL INITIATIVE FOR ASTHMA POCKET GUIDE FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS Updated 2016 GINA Board of Directors Chair: J Mark FitzGerald, MD GINA Science Committee Chair: Helen Reddel, MBBS PhD GINA Dissemination and Implementation Committee Chair: Louis-Philippe Boulet, MD GINA Assembly The GINA Assembly includes members from 45 countries, listed on the GINA website . GINA Program Suzanne Hurd, PhD (to Dec 2015); Rebecca Decker, BS, MSJ Names of members of the GINA Committees are listed on page 28. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface 3 What is known about asthma? 4 Making the diagnosis of asthma 5 Criteria for making the diagnosis of asthma 6 Diagnosing asthma in special populations 7 Assessing a patient with asthma 8 How to assess asthma control 9 How to investigate uncontrolled asthma10 Management of asthma 11 General principles 11 Treating to control symptoms and minimize risk 11 Control-based asthma management 12 Initial controller treatment13 Stepwise approach for adjusting treatment 16 Reviewing response and adjusting treatment 17 Inhaler skills and adherence 18 Treating modifiable risk factors 19 Non-pharmacological strategies and interventions 19 Treatment in special populations or contexts 20 Asthma flare-ups (exacerbations) 21 Written asthma action plans 22 Managing exacerbations in primary or acute care 23