world investment reportchapteriv rd by tncs and developing countries（pdf 39）.pdfVIP

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development World Investment Report 2005 Transnational Corporations and the Internationalization of RD United Nations New York and Geneva, 2005 RD BY TNCs AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES TNCs are playing a major role in global In fact, the RD spending of some large RD, not only through activities in their home corporations is higher than that of many countries. countries but also increasingly abroad. The In four TNCs (Ford Motor, Pfizer, DaimlerChrysler internationalization of RD is not a new and Siemens), RD spending exceeded $6 billion phenomenon. What is new is its faster pace in in 2003 (table IV.1). In another two (Toyota Motor recent years and its spread to developing and General Motors), it surpassed $5 billion. By countries (albeit to only a few, mainly in Asia). way of comparison, in developing economies, Moreover, RD activities in developing countries South-East Europe and the CIS as a group, total are no longer aimed at adapting technologies to gross expenditure on RD (GERD) came close to local conditions only; they increasingly involve or exceeded $5 billion in 2002 (the latest available “innovative” RD, including developing year) only in China, the Republic of Korea, Taiwan technologies for regional and world markets. At Province of China and Brazil, in that order (table the same time, TNCs from developing countries III.1). Even in large economies, such as India, are themselves investing in RD abroad, Mexico and the Russian Federation, it remained primarily in order to access adv