无机化学张天蓝cu.ppt

* 铜有两个稳定态Cu+和Cu2+,可以通过单电子氧化还原穿梭转换，含铜的酶单也通过单电子氧化还原催化氧化还原。Physical Chemistry- important element in understanding methods routinely used with Metalloproteins 氧化还原反应是过渡金属的一个重要性质，在过渡金属中，铜离子的氧化还原性更为突出。1.Cu(i)Cu(II)两种氧化态都能在水中存在，而且转化是单电子转移的结果.与Fe(II)Fe(III)相近。2.Cu离子能够和多种配体，通过不同配位原子结合，形成空间结构不同而又非常稳定的配合物。这种结合多样性时的Cu(II)/Cu(I)的还原电势在非常宽（300-800mv)的范围改变。铁（-300-300 * * Copper is a metal cofactor required for the function of several enzymes that are required for metabolism, iron homeostasis, pigment formation, neurotransmitter神经传递素biosynthesis, peptide biogenesis, connective tissue production, and antioxidant defense. In mammals, these enzymes include cytochrome c oxidase ,lysyl oxidase, dopamine-β-hydroxylase, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, tyrosinase, and others. REDOX useful for – electron transfer – oxidation of Fe2?Fe3 – reduction of O2 to H2O – superoxide dismutase – oxidation of phenols Neurological function (dopamine β hydroxylase)神经病学的,多巴胺β能的羟化酶 * Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)1肌萎缩，侧索硬化.肌肉逐漸無法控制.朊粒(prion)又称朊毒体,是引起人和动物发生传染性海绵状脑病(transmissible spongiform encephalopathy,TSE)的病原体，属于一类特殊的传染性蛋白粒子。近年来,与其相关的牛海绵状脑病(bovine spongiform encephalo pathy, BS.. -朊病毒病(prion disease)，如牛海绵状脑病(bovine spongiform encephalopathy, 俗称疯牛病)和新几内亚震颤病(Kuru)，是由于蛋白的异常折叠而产生的，能够导致渐近性神经变化和死亡。，但是如今，来自美国斯克里普斯研究所的研究人员在PNAS期刊上报道，降低体内的铜水平能够延缓这种疾病的发生。他们发现当被朊病毒病感染时，缺乏一个编码铜转运蛋白的基因的小鼠要比正常的小鼠显著性地存活得更长。斯克里普斯研究所教授Michael Oldstone说，这就证实铜在这种蛋白的错误折叠中发挥这作用，但不是这种错误折叠所必需的。 .Copper is a metal cofactor required for the function of several enzymes that are required for metabolism, iron homeostasis, pigment formation, neurotransmitter biosynthesis, peptide biogenesis, connective tissue production, and antioxidant defense. In mammals, these enzymes include cytochrome c oxidase ,lysyl oxidase, dopamine-β-hydroxylase, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, tyrosinase, and others. REDOX useful for – electron tranasfer – oxidation of Fe2?Fe3 – reduction of O2 to H2O – superoxide dismutase – oxidation of phelols Creutz-feld Jakob Dis