中国历史上「瘴气」考释.PDFVIP

13 師大地理研究報告 第38期 民國92年5月 Geographical Research No. 38, May. 2003 中國歷史上的「瘴氣」考釋 Textual Researches and Explanations of Miasma in Chinese History 1 2 牟重行* 王彩萍* Zhonghang Mou Caiping Wang Abstract Miasma, as an old idea of disease geography, had much relationship with the climate, vegetable and landforms in the south of China. However, miasma phenomenon in most historical records was misunderstood as fog or haze and other weather phenomena. It was not so clear in the history on the idea of miasma disease which is regarded as malaria in the old days in medical circles. But as a matter of fact, miasma diseases in broad sense, include various endemic and infectious diseases in the south, while in limited sense include common cold, malaria and sunstroke etc, Theory of miasma began at the 1st century and gradually disappeared since the middle on Qing Dynasty with the large-scaled economic development in the south. It mainly resulted from the change of traditional idea and widely spread of medical knowledge. In addition, miasma is still related with environmental change and human disease category in some other historical records. Such information is still of much value in the present research. Key words: Chinese history, Miasma phenomenon, Disease geography, Historical geography. 中文摘要 瘴气作为古代的疾病地理概念，主要与南方气候、植被和地貌有关。但大量历史文献记载的瘴气现象， 却多数是对雾或尘霾等天气现象的误解。历史上关于瘴的疾病问题也十分模糊，医学界往往以为过去之瘴 即今之疟疾，而实际上广义的瘴病包括南方所有地方病和传染病，狭义的瘴病则指感冒、疟疾和中暑等症